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Bracon hebetor Say, 1836 valid
- taxon id: 3070642
- catalog nub: Braco_1093
- 分类系统: 茧蜂亚科 Braconinae
- 阶元:种
- 状态: valid
- 中文科学名: 条斑螟小茧蜂
- 已发表: 是
- 灭绝: 否
- original placement: 是
- original name:Bracon hebetor Say, 1836
- 格式: animal
- 作者: Say
- year: 1836
- 创建时间: 2021-06-27 16:46
- create by: zxmlmq (admin)
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分类信息
- 界: Animalia | 动物界
- 门: Arthropoda | 节肢动物门
- 纲: Insecta | 昆虫纲
- 目: Hymenoptera | 膜翅目
- 亚目: Apocrita | 细腰亚目
- 总科: Ichneumonoidea | 姬蜂总科
- 科: Braconidae | 茧蜂科
- 亚科: Braconinae | 茧蜂亚科
- 族: Braconini
- 属: Bracon Fabricius, 1804 | 茧蜂属
- 亚属: Bracon (habrobracon) Ashmead, 1895 | 柔茧蜂属
- 种: Bracon hebetor Say, 1836 | 条斑螟小茧蜂
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tree:
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无效名:
- Bracon dorsator Say, 1836 synonym
- Bracon juglandis Ashmead, 1889 synonym
- Bracon brunneus (Szépligeti, 1901) synonym
- Bracon vernalis (Szépligeti, 1901) synonym
- Bracon beneficientior (Viereck, 1911) synonym
- Bracon plotnicovi (Bogoljubov, 1914) synonym
- Bracon breviantennatus de Stefani, 1919 synonym
- Bracon serinopae (Cherian, 1929) synonym
- Bracon tortricidarum (Goidanich, 1934) synonym
- Bracon pectinophorae (Watanabe, 1935) | 红铃虫柔茧蜂 synonym
- Bracon asiaticus (Telenga, 1936) synonym
- Bracon flavus (Telenga, 1936) synonym
- Bracon turkestanicus (Telenga, 1936) synonym
- Bracon lozinskii (Bogacev, 1939) synonym
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寄生于:
- Achroia grisella Fabricius, 1794
- Adisura atkinsoni Moore, 1881
- Adoxophyes orana Fischer v.Roslerstamm, 1834
- Ancylosis undulatella Clemens, 1860
- Anthonomus grandis Boheman, 1843
- Antigastra catalaunalis Duponchel, 1833
- Apanteles taragamae Viereck, 1912 | 小卷蛾绒茧蜂
- Apomyelois ceratoniae Zeller, 1839
- Archips rosana Linnaeus, 1758
- Arenipses sabella Hampson, 1901
- Cactoblastis cactorum Berg, 1885
- Cadra calidella Guenee, 1845
- Cadra cautella Walker, 1863
- Cadra figulilella Gregson, 1871
- Caryedon serratus (Olivier, 1790)
- Chilo infuscatellus Snellen, 1890 | 二点螟
- Chilo suppressalis Walker, 1863 | 二化螟
- Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée, 1854 | 稻纵卷叶螟
- Cnephasia nubilana
- Cnephasia pasiuana Hubner, 1799
- Corcyra cephalonica Stainton, 1866
- Crocidolomia pavonana Fabricius, 1794
- Cydia funebrana Treitschke, 1835
- Cydia leucostoma Meyrick, 1912
- Cydia pomonella Linnaeus, 1758
- Depressaria Haworth, 1811
- Diatraea saccharalis Fabricius, 1794
- Earias insulana Boisduval, 1833
- Earias vittella Fabricius, 1794
- Ephestia elutella Hubner, 1796
- Ephestia kuehniella Zeller, 1879
- Etiella zinckenella Treitschke, 1832
- Eublemma amabilis Saalmüller, 1891
- Exoteleia dodecella Linnaeus, 1758
- Galleria mellonella Linnaeus, 1758
- Grapholita molesta Busck, 1916
- Helicoverpa armigera Hubner, 1808
- Helicoverpa zea Boddie, 1850
- Heliothis Ochsenheimer, 1816
- Heliothis peltigera Denis & Schiffermuller, 1775
- Heliothis virescens Fabricius, 1777
- Hellula undalis Fabricius, 1781
- Homoeosoma nebulella Denis & Schiffermuller, 1775
- Laetilia coccidivora Comstock, 1879
- Leucinodes orbonalis Guenée, 1854
- Lobesia botrana Denis & Schiffermuller, 1775
- Maruca vitrata Fabricius, 1787 | 豆荚螟
- Opisina arenosella Walker, 1864
- Opogona sacchari (Bojer, 1856)
- Ostrinia nubilalis Hubner, 1796
- Pammene amygdalana Duponchel, 1842
- Pammene gallicolana Lienig & Zeller, 1846
- Papilio demoleus Linnaeus, 1758 | 花凤蝶
- Paralipsa gularis Zeller, 1877
- Pectinophora gossypiella Saunders, 1844
- Pexicopia malvella Hubner, 1805
- Phthorimaea operculella Zeller, 1873
- Pieris rapae (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Plodia interpunctella Hubner, 1813
- Prays oleae Bernard, 1788
- Pseudohypatopa pulverea (Meyrick, 1907)
- Pyralis farinalis Linnaeus, 1758
- Pyrausta purpuralis Linnaeus, 1758
- Pyrausta sanguinalis Linnaeus, 1767
- Raghuva albipunctella Joannis, 1925
- Rhyacionia buoliana Denis & Schiffermuller, 1775
- Scirpophaga nivella Fabricius, 1794 | 黄尾蛀禾螟
- Scrobipalpula absoluta Meyrick, 1917
- Sesamia inferens Walker, 1856 | 大螟
- Sesamia nonagrioides Lefebvre, 1827
- Sesamia poephaga Tams & Bowden, 1953
- Sitotroga cerealella Olivier, 1789
- Spilonota ocellana Denis & Schiffermuller, 1775
- Spodoptera littoralis Boisduval, 1833
- Stenachroia elongella Hampson, 1898
- Stomopteryx nerteria Meyrick, 1906
- Terellia luteola (Wiedemann, 1830)
- Tineola bisselliella (Hummel, 1823) | 袋衣蛾
- Vitula biviella Zeller, 1848
- Vitula edmandsii Packard, 1865
- Yponomeuta malinella Zeller, 1838
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associated plant:
- Acacia albida
- Cajanus cajan | 木豆
- Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze | 茶树
- Canarium indicum L.
- Carthamus tinctorius L. | 红花
- Ceratonia siliqua L.
- Cicer arietinum L.
- Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn. | 穇子
- Glycine max (L.)Merr. | 大豆
- Gossypium hirsutum | 陆地棉
- Grewia cana
- Helianthus annuus L.
- Hibiscus esculentus
- Juglans regia L.
- Lablab purpureus (L.)Sweet | 鹊豆
- Laccifer lacca (Kerr, 1782)
- Lens esculenta
- Lycopersicon esculentum | 番茄
- Pennisetum glaucum
- Phoenix dactylifera L.
- Pimpinella anisum L.
- Prosopis juliflora (Sw.)DC.
- Punica granatum L. | 石榴
- Saccharum officinarum L. | 秀贵甘蔗
- Salix exigua Nutt.
- Solanum melongena | 茄子
- Solanum tuberosum | 马铃薯
- Sorghum bicolor
- Theobroma cacao L. | 可可
- Vitis vinifera | 葡萄
geography information (Including lower)
- 国家/地区: 阿富汗 ; 阿尔及利亚 ; 阿根廷 ; 亚美尼亚 ; 奥地利 ; 阿塞拜疆 ; 亚速尔群岛 ; 孟加拉 ; 巴巴多斯 ; 比利时 ; 百慕大 ; 博茨瓦纳 ; 巴西 ; 保加利亚 ; 加纳利群岛 ; 佛得角 ; 克罗地亚 ; 古巴 ; 塞浦路斯 ; 捷克 ; 捷克斯洛伐克 ; 埃及 ; 法国 ; 格鲁吉亚 ; 德国 ; 希腊 ; 匈牙利 ; 印度 ; 伊朗 ; 伊拉克 ; 爱尔兰 ; 以色列 ; 意大利 ; 牙买加 ; 哈萨克斯坦 ; 朝鲜 ; 立陶宛 ; 马其顿 ; 马德拉群岛 ; 马来西亚 ; 马耳他 ; 墨西哥 ; 摩尔多瓦 ; 蒙古 ; 摩洛哥 ; 缅甸 ; 荷兰 ; 新西兰 ; 尼日尔 ; 尼日利亚 ; 巴基斯坦 ; 秘鲁 ; 波兰 ; 波多黎各 ; 罗马尼亚 ; 沙特阿拉伯 ; 塞内加尔 ; 塞尔维亚 ; 新加坡 ; 斯洛伐克 ; 斯洛文尼亚 ; 南非 ; 西班牙 ; 斯里兰卡 ; 苏丹 ; 塔吉克斯坦 ; 泰国 ; 突尼斯 ; 土耳其 ; 土库曼斯坦 ; 英国 ; 乌兹别克斯坦 ;
- 省/行政区: Astrakhan Oblast ; 加利福尼亚州 ; 佛罗里达州 ; 福建省 ; 乔治亚州 ; 广东省 ; 广西壮族自治区 ; 海南省 ; 夏威夷州 ; 黑龙江省 ; 湖北省 ; 伊利诺斯州 ; 印第安纳州 ; 江西省 ; 吉林省 ; 堪萨斯州 ; Karachay-Cherkess Republic ; 肯塔基州 ; Krasnodar Krai ; 马萨诸塞州 ; 密歇根州 ; 内华达州 ; New Hampshire ; New Jersey ; 新南威尔士州 ; 纽约州 ; 北卡罗来纳州 ; 俄亥俄州 ; 宾夕法尼亚州 ; 圣彼得堡 ; 山东省 ; 上海市 ; South Carolina ; 斯塔夫罗波尔边疆区 ; 台湾省 ; 西藏自治区 ; 犹他州 ; 维多利亚州 ; 弗吉尼亚州 ; 西弗吉尼亚州 ; 威斯康辛州 ; 新疆维吾尔自治区 ; Yaroslavl Oblast ; 云南省 ; 浙江省 ;
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地图:
description
ORIGINAL NAME
Bracon hebetor
SYNONYM
Bracon (Habrobracon) asiaticus (Telenga,1936); Bracon (Habrobracon) beneficientior (Viereck,1911); Bracon (Habrobracon) breviantennatus de Stefani,1919; Bracon (Habrobracon) brunneus (Szépligeti,1901); Bracon (Habrobracon) dorsator Say,1836; Bracon (Habrobracon) flavus (Telenga,1936); Bracon (Habrobracon) juglandis Ashmead,1889; Bracon (Habrobracon) lozinskii (Bogacev,1939); Bracon (Habrobracon) pectinophorae (Watanabe,1935); Bracon (Habrobracon) plotnicovi (Bogoljubov,1914); Bracon (Habrobracon) serinopae (Cherian,1929); Bracon (Habrobracon) tortricidarum (Goidanich,1934); Bracon (Habrobracon) turkestanicus (Telenga,1936); Bracon (Habrobracon) vernalis (Szépligeti,1901)
COMBINATION HISTORY
Bracon (Cresson, 1887; Szépligeti, 1904; Kloet and Hincks, 1945; Muesebeck and Walkley, 1951; Parrott, 1953; Muesebeck, 1958; De Santis, 1967; Muesebeck, 1967; Chou, 1981; Graham, 1986; Valentine and Walker, 1991; Belokobylskij and Taeger, 2001; Belokobylskij et al, 2003; Borges et al, 2005)
Bracon (Habrobracon) (Johnson, 1895; Shenefelt, 1978; Beyarslan, 1986; Tobias, 1986; Beyarslan, 1987; Bergamesco et al, 1995; Huflejt, 1997; van Achterberg and Walker, 1998; Balevski, 1999; Beyarslan, 1999; Tobias and Belokobylskij, 2000; Beyarslan et al, 2002; Beyarslan et al, 2005; Beyarslan et al, 2008; Beyarslan et al, 2010; Ameri et al, 2014; Madl and van Achterberg, 2014; van Achterberg, 2014)
Habrobracon (Watanabe, 1933; Telenga, 1936; Cavro, 1954; Tobias, 1961; Abdinbekova, 1969; Alexeev, 1972; Alexeev, 1976; Mason, 1978; Jakimavicius, 1982; Papp, 1983; He and Wang, 1987; Capek and Lukas, 1989; Papp, 1990; Papp, 1991; Falco et al, 1993; Jiménez et al, 1996; Papp, 1999; Guerrero and Koponen, 2000; Báez et al, 2001; Chen et al, 2001; Ku et al, 2001; Papp, 2002; Haider et al, 2004; He et al, 2004; Papp, 2005; Chen and Yang, 2006; Papp, 2008; Akhtar and Ramamurthy, 2012; Papp, 2015)
Habrobracon (Habrobracon) (Tobias, 1958; Fischer, 1968; Tobias, 1971; Tobias, 1976; Papp, 1984; Papp, 1989; Papp, 2003; Papp, 2012)
Microbracon (Muesebeck, 1925; Muesebeck, 1928; Wolcott, 1936; Knowlton and Harmston, 1939; Sonan, 1944; Blanchard, 1948)
EX SYNONYM
Braco brevicornis (Cushman, 1914)
SYNONYM HISTORY
Braco brevicornis (Lal, 1942; Puttarudriah and Channa Basavanna, 1956; Tobias, 1958; Tobias, 1959; Tobias, 1961; Chu and Su, 1975; Tobias, 1976; Tobias, 1986; Beyarslan, 1999; Tobias and Belokobylskij, 2000; Ku et al, 2001; Papp, 2008)
Bracon breviantennatus (Muesebeck and Walkley, 1951; Tobias, 1961; De Santis, 1967; Chu and Su, 1975; Shenefelt, 1978; Marsh, 1979; Chou, 1981; van Achterberg and Polaszek, 1996; Ku et al, 2001; Belokobylskij et al, 2003)
Bracon dorsator (Muesebeck, 1925; Watanabe, 1933; Muesebeck and Walkley, 1951; Tobias, 1961; De Santis, 1967; Chu and Su, 1975; Shenefelt, 1978; Marsh, 1979; Chou, 1981; van Achterberg and Polaszek, 1996; Ku et al, 2001; Belokobylskij et al, 2003; Papp, 2008)
Bracon honestor (Telenga, 1936; Tobias, 1961)
Bracon juglandis (Muesebeck, 1925; Watanabe, 1933; Telenga, 1936; Sonan, 1944; Whiting, 1949; Muesebeck and Walkley, 1951; Beardsley, 1961; Tobias, 1961; De Santis, 1967; Chu and Su, 1975; Shenefelt, 1978; Marsh, 1979; Chou, 1981; Tobias, 1986; van Achterberg and Polaszek, 1996; Beyarslan, 1999; Tobias and Belokobylskij, 2000; Ku et al, 2001; Belokobylskij et al, 2003; Papp, 2008)
Habrobracon asiaticus (van Achterberg and Polaszek, 1996)
Habrobracon beneficientior (Muesebeck, 1925; Watanabe, 1933; Muesebeck and Walkley, 1951; Tobias, 1961; De Santis, 1967; Chu and Su, 1975; Shenefelt, 1978; Marsh, 1979; Chou, 1981; van Achterberg and Polaszek, 1996; Ku et al, 2001)
Habrobracon brunneus (Tobias, 1961; Shenefelt, 1978; Chou, 1981; van Achterberg and Polaszek, 1996; Ku et al, 2001; Papp, 2004; Papp, 2008)
Habrobracon flavus (Tobias, 1958; Tobias, 1959; Tobias, 1976; Shenefelt, 1978; Chou, 1981; Tobias, 1986; van Achterberg and Polaszek, 1996; Beyarslan, 1999; Tobias and Belokobylskij, 2000; Ku et al, 2001; Papp, 2008)
Habrobracon lozinskii (Tobias, 1961; Shenefelt, 1978; van Achterberg and Polaszek, 1996; Ku et al, 2001)
Habrobracon pectinophorae (Whiting, 1949; Muesebeck and Walkley, 1951; Watanabe, 1952; De Santis, 1967; Chu and Su, 1975; Shenefelt, 1978; Marsh, 1979; Chou, 1981; van Achterberg and Polaszek, 1996; Ku et al, 2001; Papp, 2008)
Habrobracon plotnicovi (Tobias, 1961; Shenefelt, 1978; Chou, 1981; van Achterberg and Polaszek, 1996; Ku et al, 2001; Papp, 2008)
Habrobracon tortricidarum (van Achterberg and Polaszek, 1996)
Habrobracon turkestanicus (Tobias, 1958; Tobias, 1959; Tobias, 1961; Tobias, 1976; Shenefelt, 1978; Chou, 1981; Tobias, 1986; van Achterberg and Polaszek, 1996; Beyarslan, 1999; Tobias and Belokobylskij, 2000; Ku et al, 2001; Papp, 2008)
Habrobracon vernalis (Tobias, 1976; Shenefelt, 1978; Chou, 1981; Tobias, 1986; van Achterberg and Polaszek, 1996; Huflejt, 1997; Beyarslan, 1999; Tobias and Belokobylskij, 2000; Ku et al, 2001; Papp, 2004; Papp, 2008)
TAXONOMY
catalogue (Dalla Torre, 1898; Muesebeck and Walkley, 1951; Tobias, 1961; Shenefelt, 1978; Marsh, 1979)
description (Muesebeck, 1925; Telenga, 1936; Lal, 1946; Cherian and Margabandhu, 1949; Narayanan et al, 1958; Beardsley, 1961; Tobias, 1961; Cheng and Hung, 1977; He and Wang, 1987; van Achterberg and Polaszek, 1996; van Achterberg and Walker, 1998; Ku et al, 2001; He et al, 2004; Chen and Yang, 2006)
description (larva) (Peter and David, 1990)
description in a key (Fischer, 1968)
description in a key [Argentina] (Blanchard, 1948)
description in a key [Caucasus] (Tobias, 1976)
description in a key [China] (Chen and Yang, 2006)
description in a key [India] (Haider et al, 2004; Akhtar and Ramamurthy, 2012)
description in a key [Iran] (Ameri et al, 2014)
description in a key [Lepidopterous pests] (Tobias and Alexeev, 1972)
description in a key [Russian Far East] (Tobias and Belokobylskij, 2000)
description in a key [Turkey] (Beyarslan, 1986)
description in a key [U.S.S.R.] (Telenga, 1936; Tobias, 1958; Tobias, 1986)
genetics-molecular (Dowton and Austin, 1999; Belshaw et al, 2001; Dowton et al, 2002)
identification (Stuart and Burkholder, 1991)
original description (Say, 1835)
phylogenetics (Dowton et al, 1998; Dowton and Austin, 1999; Belshaw et al, 2001; Dowton et al, 2002; Shi et al, 2005; Wharton et al, 2006)
phylogeny/evolution (Dowton and Austin, 1999)
TYPE
U.S.A.-Indiana (Say, 1835)
lost (Shenefelt, 1978)
CHINESE NAME
条斑螟小茧蜂 (Cheng and Hung, 1977)
麦蛾柔茧蜂 (He et al, 2002)
麦蛾茧蜂 (Feng, 1983; Ma, 1983; He and Wang, 1987; Zhou and You, 2000; Chen et al, 2001)
ASSOCIATE
Acanthocampa belina (Mpuchane et al, 2000)
Tribolium castaneum (Press, 1988)
Trichogramma pretiosum (Brower and Press, 1990)
ASSOCIATE (PLANT)
Bacillus thuringiensis entomocidus (Sneh et al, 1983)
Beauveria bassiana (Balevski and Draganova, 2000)
Saccharum officinarum (Butani, 1958)
BIOCONTROL OF
Adisura atkinsoni (Usman, 1960)
Agrotis segetum (Khloptseva, 1991)
Cadra calidella (Gupta and Sharma, 2004)
Cadra cautella (Takahashi, 1973; Nickle and Hagstrum, 1981; Press et al, 1982; Cline et al, 1984; Keever et al, 1986; Cline and Press, 1990)
Corcyra cephalonica (Patel et al, 1982; Adarkwah et al, 2008)
Ephestia elutella (Schöller, 2000)
Ephestia elutella [stored products] (Scholler, 1999)
Ephestia kuehniella (Klapal, 2002)
Glyphodes pyloalis (Mirzaeva et al, 2007)
Helicoverpa armigera (Divakar and Pawar, 1983; Khloptseva, 1991)
Homoeosoma nebulella (Horvath, 1993)
Nacoleia octasema (Bartlett et al, 1978)
Plodia interpunctella (Press et al, 1974; Keever et al, 1986; Brower and Press, 1990; Na et al, 2005; Yoon et al, 2005; Adarkwah and Schoeller, 2012)
Plodia interpunctella [model/simulation] (Nam et al, 2011)
Raghuva albipunctella (Bhatnagar, 1987; Ba et al, 2013; Ba et al, 2014; Baoua et al, 2014)
stored products (Schöller and Prozell, 2001; Gupta and Sharma, 2004; Adarkwah et al, 2014)
BIOLOGY
attracted to light (Tobias, 1966; Cline et al, 1983; Cline, 1989; Falco et al, 1993; Papp, 2012; Belda and Riudavets, 2013)
chemicals (Grosch et al, 1956; Clark, 1959; Grosch, 1959; Grosch, 1963; Grosch and Valcovic, 1964; Palmquist and LaChance, 1966; LaChance and Leverich, 1968; LaChance and Leverich, 1969; Hoffman and Grosch, 1971; Smith and von Borstel, 1971; Hoffman, 1972; Kratsas and Grosch, 1974; Smith and Grosch, 1976; Mirsalis, 1982; Petters and Mettus, 1982; Petters et al, 1983; Abbott and Grosch, 1984; Wissinger and Cervone, 1985; Wissinger et al, 1985; Best and Grosch, 1986; Cervone et al, 1988; Valcovic, 1993; Balevski et al, 1995)
chemicals [fluoracetate] (Smith and Grosch, 1976)
chemicals [zinc] (Grosch, 1962)
clutch size (Ullyett, 1943; Ullyett, 1945; Peter and David, 1992; Ohh, 1993; Ode et al, 1996; Smart and Mayhew, 2009)
clutch size [host density] (Yu et al, 2003)
cold tolerance (Payne, 1934; Huang, 1990; Farghaly and Ragab, 1993; Carrillo et al, 2005; Chen et al, 2011; Chen et al, 2013; Mousapour et al, 2014)
colour (Ullah, 1939)
control-biological (Takahashi, 1973; Balevski, 1984)
coumarin (Kaur and Kaur, 2013)
development (Grosch, 1950; Sathiamma et al, 1986; Abbott and Grosch, 1987; Abbott, 1987; Peter and David, 1992; Zeng et al, 2003)
developmental rate (Myers, 1929; Knowlton, 1931; Glover and Chatterjee, 1936; Harries, 1937; Reed and Livingstone, 1937; Bare, 1942; Morrill, 1942; Appanna, 1951; Seshagiri Rao, 1956; El Sufty et al, 1984; Jackson and Butler, 1984; Adashkevich and Saidova, 1987; Huang, 1990; Peter and David, 1990; Nikam and Pawar, 1992; Peter and David, 1992; Ohh, 1993; Petitt and Wietlisbach, 1993; Tamura, 1994; Kim et al, 2000; Forouzan et al, 2003; Tian et al, 2006; Forouzan et al, 2008; Bastami et al, 2011; Varer Isitan et al, 2011; Farag et al, 2012)
diapause (Zinovjeva, 1992; Chen et al, 2012; Chen et al, 2013)
diploid male (Flanders, 1943)
fecundity (Knowlton, 1931; Donohoe, 1937; Harries, 1939; Soliman, 1940; Grosch, 1960; Clark and Smith, 1967; LaChance and Leverich, 1968; Grosch, 1970; Hoffman and Grosch, 1971; Grosch, 1975; Cheng and Hung, 1977; Hagstrum and Smittle, 1977; Lum, 1977; Petters and Grosch, 1977; Press and Flaherty, 1981; Petters and Mettus, 1982; El Sufty et al, 1984; Farghaly and Ragab, 1984; Jackson and Butler, 1984; Adashkevich and Saidova, 1987; Huang, 1990; Peter and David, 1992; Nikam and Pawar, 1993; Petitt and Wietlisbach, 1993; Youm and Gilstrap, 1993; Balevski, 1995; Gul and Gulel, 1995; Radhika and Chitra, 1996; Yu et al, 1999; Jhansi and Babu, 2002; Forouzan et al, 2003; Amir Maafi and Chi, 2006; Gürbüz and Aksoylar, 2006; Tian et al, 2006; Eliopoulos and Stathas, 2008; Bastami et al, 2011; Sharma and Srivastava, 2011; Varer Isitan et al, 2011; Farag et al, 2012)
fecundity [parasitoid age] (Akman Gunduz and Gulel, 2005)
food (Grosch, 1950; Grosch, 1956; Clark, 1963; Benson, 1973; Lum, 1977; Balevski, 1995; Radhika and Chitra, 1996; Aung and Takasu, 2004)
food source (imagos) (Yazdanian and Khabbaz Saber, 2013; Cinar et al, 2015)
genetics (Hoffman, 1972; Petters and Mettus, 1980; Mettus and Petters, 1981; Petters et al, 1982; Light et al, 1986; Cook, 1993; Valcovic, 1993; Antolin et al, 1996; Heimpel et al, 1997; Whitfield, 1997; Dowton, 1999; Holloway et al, 1999)
grooming (Thelen and Farish, 1977)
host feeding (Hagstrum and Smittle, 1977; Hagstrum and Smittle, 1978; Jervis and Kidd, 1986)
host interaction (Payne, 1933)
humidity (Farghaly and Ragab, 1984; Nikam and Pawar, 1992)
hybridization [Bracon brevicornis] (Puttarudriah and Channa Basavanna, 1954)
irradiation (Grosch, 1960; Clark and Smith, 1968; Hoffman, 1972; Genchev et al, 2008)
laboratory studies (Morrill, 1940)
life cycle (Sathiamma et al, 1986; Li and Xie, 1988)
life table (Nikam and Pawar, 1993; Jhansi and Babu, 2002)
longevity (Knowlton, 1931; Glover and Chatterjee, 1936; Soliman, 1940; Bare, 1942; Grosch, 1956; Clark, 1963; Clark and Smith, 1967; Clark and Smith, 1968; Cheng and Hung, 1977; Petters and Mettus, 1982; El Sufty et al, 1984; Farghaly and Ragab, 1984; Jackson and Butler, 1984; Ahmed et al, 1985; Huang, 1990; Peter and David, 1990; Nikam and Pawar, 1992; Peter and David, 1992; Petitt and Wietlisbach, 1993; Jervis et al, 1994; Balevski, 1995; Radhika and Chitra, 1996; Yu et al, 1999; Jhansi and Babu, 2002; Forouzan et al, 2003; Amir Maafi and Chi, 2006; Gürbüz and Aksoylar, 2006; Tian et al, 2006; Eliopoulos and Stathas, 2008; Varer Isitan et al, 2010; Bastami et al, 2011; Farag et al, 2012; Kavad and Korat, 2014)
longevity [food] (Aung and Takasu, 2004; Gunduz and Gulel, 2004)
longevity [host species] (Gunduz and Gulel, 2004)
longevity [temperature] (Aung and Takasu, 2004)
marker (Sriharan and Prasad, 1973; Strand et al, 1991)
maternal care (Hardy and Blackburn, 1991)
mating behaviour (Myers, 1929; Flanders, 1943; Seshagiri Rao, 1956; Petters et al, 1982; Petters et al, 1985; Antolin and Strand, 1992; Cook et al, 1994; Ode et al, 1995; Guertin et al, 1996; Antolin et al, 2003)
model/simulation (Takahashi, 1953; Benson, 1974; Kamin-Belsky et al, 1987; Milonas and Savopoulou Soultani, 1999; Nam et al, 2011)
model/simulation [sex ratio] (Sykes et al, 2007)
mortality (Benson, 1973; Jackson and Butler, 1984; Ali et al, 1987; Forouzan et al, 2008)
mutation (Abbott, 1987)
olfactory cues (Grosch, 1950)
ontogeny/embryology (Grbic and Strand, 1998)
overwinter as adult (Reed and Livingstone, 1937)
pesticide (Grosch and Valcovic, 1967; Valcovic and Grosch, 1968; Grosch, 1970; Grosch and Hoffman, 1973; Grosch, 1975; Soultanopoulos and Broumas, 1979; Press et al, 1981; Mirsalis, 1982; Sharma and Sarup, 1982; Adashkevich and Atamirzaev, 1984; Sobchak and Sabirova, 1985; Jalaluddin and Mohanasundaram, 1989; Bhushan and Azam, 1990; Guddewar et al, 1992; Sreelatha Divakar, 1993; Baker and Arbogast, 1995; Baker et al, 1995; Baker, 1995; Mal and Somchoudhury, 1995; Throne et al, 1995; Raguraman and Singh, 1998; Toews and Subramanyam, 2004; Dastjerdi et al, 2008; Rafiee Dastjerdi et al, 2009; Sarmadi et al, 2010; Ahmad et al, 2011; Mahdavi et al, 2011; Abedi et al, 2012; Mahdavi et al, 2013; Mahdavi et al, 2013; Mahdavi, 2013; Abedi et al, 2014; Kalajahi et al, 2014; Jarrahi and Safavi, 2016)
pesticide resistance (Zil'bermints et al, 1986; Baker and Arbogast, 1995; Baker et al, 1995; Baker, 1995; Perez Mendoza et al, 2000)
photoperiodism/light (Lum and Flaherty, 1973; Pleshivtseva and Abdurakhmanova, 1986)
physiology (Mizianty, 1967; Thompson and Barlow, 1983; Baker and Fabrick, 2000; Howard and Baker, 2003; Howard et al, 2003; Gunduz et al, 2010; Gunduz et al, 2010; Isitan et al, 2011)
race/variation (Heimpel et al, 1997)
rearing (Appanna, 1953; Kurbanov and Kuliev, 1984; Cook, 1993; Farghaly and Ragab, 1993; Faradzheva and Gumbatov, 1995; Uwais et al, 2006)
rearing-artificial (Xie et al, 1989; Yazlovetsky and Nepomnyashaya, 1989; Li, 1992; Yazlovetsky et al, 1992; Wen et al, 1996; Magro and Parra, 2003; Magro et al, 2006)
rearing-laboratory (Krishnamurti and Seshagiri Rao, 1944)
rearing-mass (Negi et al, 1944; Balevski, 1996; Ghimire and Phillips, 2010)
release methods (Keever et al, 1986; Ba et al, 2014)
sampling/monitoring (Yu and Chen, 1991; Schoeller and Prozell, 2003)
seasonality (Ohh, 1993)
sex determination (Pasteels, 1949; Wang, 1991; Heimpel et al, 1999; Antolin et al, 2003; Heimpel and de Boer, 2007)
sex ratio (Kanungo, 1955; Benson, 1973; Rotary and Gerling, 1973; Cheng and Hung, 1977; Galloway and Grant, 1989; Peter and David, 1990; Wang, 1991; Peter and David, 1992; Ohh, 1993; Cook et al, 1994; Antolin et al, 1995; Gul and Gulel, 1995; Allotey and Kumar, 1996; Ode et al, 1996; Heimpel, 1997; Ode et al, 1997; Ode et al, 1998; Yu et al, 1999; Gürbüz and Aksoylar, 2006; Smart and Mayhew, 2009; Kavad and Korat, 2014)
sex ratio [host density] (Yu et al, 2003)
sex ratio [parasitoid age] (Akman Gunduz and Gulel, 2005)
sex ratio [temperature] (Weiser et al, 2004)
sperm (LaChance and Leverich, 1969)
superparasitism (Kanungo, 1955)
synovigenic (Isitan et al, 2011)
temperature (Payne, 1934; Harries, 1939; Ullah, 1939; Ahmed et al, 1985; Ali et al, 1987; Nikam and Pawar, 1992; Farghaly and Ragab, 1993; Zeng et al, 2003; Zhong et al, 2009)
vacuum (Ali et al, 1987)
venoms (Beard, 1952; Waller, 1964; Piek, 1966; Drenth, 1969; Edwards and Sernka, 1969; Piek and Engels, 1969; Piek and Simon-Thomas, 1969; Visser and Spanjer, 1969; Piek and Mantel, 1970; Tamashiro, 1971; Beard, 1972; Gerling and Rotary, 1973; Drenth, 1974)[#ref:TP
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