none The development and distribution of Pyralis farinalis (L.) are limited by unfavourable climatic factors that reduce the growth of fungi, yeasts and bacteria on which larvae feed and by the activity of a group of arthropod antagonists found in larval shelters (in all 9 species) or emerged from isolated larvae and pupae of the moth (in all 4 species). The combined action of these factors considerably reduce the activity of this pyralid. Associations; Parasites diseases and disorders; Parasites; Insect parasites; Hosts; Insect hosts; Ecology; Population dynamics; Land and freshwater zones; Palaearctic region; Europe Scenopinus fenestralis (Scenopinidae); Lepidopteran hosts; Pyralis farinalis; Record; Italy; Lepidopteran host record Pyralis farinalis (Pyralidae); Associations; Antagonists of larvae; Dipteran parasites; Scenopinus fenestralis; Record; Hymenopteran parasites; Bracon; Devorgilla & Dibrachys; Population regulation; Predators; Arthropoda; Records; Italy; Arthropod antagonists of larvae Bracon hebetor (Braconidae ); Devorgilla canescens (Ichneumonidae ); Dibrachys hians (Pteromalidae ); Lepidopteran hosts; Pyralis farinalis; Records; Italy; Lepidopteran host records