-
Itoplectis quadricingulata (Provancher, 1880) valid
- taxon id: 35905
- catalog nub: HS_20695
- 分类系统: 瘤姬蜂亚科 Pimplinae
- 阶元:种
- 状态: valid
- 中文科学名: 四条埃姬蜂
- 已发表: 是
- 灭绝: 否
- original placement: 否
- original name:Pimpla quadricingulata Provancher, 1880
- 格式: animal
- 作者: Provancher
- year: 1880
- source: Taxapad Ichneumonoidea in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2019
- url: http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2019/details/species/id/83e77e5609358437470649bb88aeebdd
- 创建时间: 2022-09-01 19:28
- create by: zxmlmq (admin)
pictures
载入中...
分类信息
- 界: Animalia | 动物界
- 门: Arthropoda | 节肢动物门
- 纲: Insecta | 昆虫纲
- 目: Hymenoptera | 膜翅目
- 亚目: Apocrita | 细腰亚目
- 总科: Ichneumonoidea | 姬蜂总科
- 科: Ichneumonidae | 姬蜂科
- 亚科: Pimplinae | 瘤姬蜂亚科
- 族: Pimplini | 瘤姬蜂族
- 属: Itoplectis (Förster, 1869) | 埃姬蜂属
- 种: Itoplectis quadricingulata (Provancher, 1880) | 四条埃姬蜂
-
tree:
-
无效名:
- Itoplectis kolthoffi (Aurivillius, 1890) synonym
- Itoplectis obesa Cushman, 1917 synonym
- Itoplectis lata (Cushman, 1920) synonym
- Itoplectis leavitti (Cushman, 1920) synonym
- Itoplectis montana (Cushman, 1920) synonym
- Itoplectis pacifica (Cushman, 1920) homonym
- Itoplectis cacoeciae (Viereck, 1924) synonym
- Itoplectis esucha (Cushman, 1924) synonym
-
寄生于:
- Acleris gloveranus Walsingham, 1879
- Acleris variana Fernald, 1886
- Alsophila pometaria Harris, 1841
- Anthophila pariana Clerck, 1796
- Archips argyrospila Walker, 1863
- Archips rosana Linnaeus, 1758
- Argyrotaenia citrana Fernald, 1889
- Argyrotaenia mariana Fernald, 1882
- Carcina quercana Fabricius, 1775
- Choreutis pariana Clerck, 1759
- Choristoneura conflictana Walker, 1863
- Choristoneura fumiferana Clemens, 1865
- Choristoneura lambertiana Busck, 1915
- Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, 1967
- Choristoneura pinus Freeman, 1953
- Choristoneura rosaceana Harris, 1841
- Cnephasia longana Haworth, 1811
- Coleophora pruniella
- Coleophora serratella Linnaeus, 1761
- Croesia albicomana (Clemens, 1865)
- Croesia curvalana (Kearfott, 1907)
- Croesia semipurpurana (Kearfott, 1905)
- Cydia pomonella Linnaeus, 1758
- Dioryctria abietivorella Grote, 1878
- Dioryctria reniculelloides Mutuura & Munroe, 1973
- Diurnea salicella
- Eilema bicolor Grote, 1864
- Endothenia albolineana Kearfott, 1907
- Epinotia radicana Walsingham, 1879
- Epiphyas postvittana Walker, 1863
- Euceratia castella Walsingham, 1881
- Hyaloscotes fragmentella Edwards, 1877
- Malacosoma disstria Hübner, 1822
- Meteorus versicolor (Wesmael, 1835)
- Neodiprion tsugae Middleton
- Nepytia freemani Munroe, 1963
- Nepytia phantasmaria Strecker, 1899
- Orgyia pseudotsugata McDunnough, 1921
- Polix coloradella Walsingham, 1888
- Proteoteras willingana Kearfott, 1904
- Rhyacionia buoliana Denis & Schiffermuller, 1775
- Rhyacionia busckana Heinrich, 1923
- Rhyacionia frustrana Comstock, 1880
- Rhyacionia zozana (Kearfott, 1907)
- Spilonota ocellana Denis & Schiffermuller, 1775
- Thera juniperata Linnaeus, 1758
- Thera otisi Dyar, 1904
- Yponomeuta malinella Zeller, 1838
-
associated plant:
- Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. | 香脂冷杉
- Abies concolor (Gordon) Lindl. ex Hildebr.
- Abies lasiocarpa | 落蒺山冷杉
- Acer negundo L. | 糖槭
- Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Sprengel
- Betula papyrifera Marshall
- Juniperus | 剌柏属
- Malus
- Malus domestica
- Picea asperata Mast. | 云杉
- Picea glauca
- Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon
- Populus tremuloides Michx.
- Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco | 花旗松
- Pseudotsuga taxifolia
- Rosa | 蔷薇属
- Rosa californica Cham. & Schltdl.
- Rubus Jordan | 悬钩子属
- Rubus idaeus
- Tsuga | 铁杉属
- Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. | 异叶铁杉
- Ulmus
geography information (Including lower)
description
ORIGINAL NAME
Pimpla 4-cingulata
SYNONYM
Itoplectis cacoeciae (Viereck,1924); Itoplectis esucha (Cushman,1924); Itoplectis kolthoffi (Aurivillius,1890); Itoplectis lata (Cushman,1920); Itoplectis leavitti (Cushman,1920); Itoplectis montana (Cushman,1920); Itoplectis obesa Cushman,1917; Itoplectis pacifica (Cushman,1920)
COMBINATION HISTORY
Ephialtes (Itoplectis) (Cushman, 1921)
Itoplectis (Yu and Horstmann, 1997)
SYNONYM HISTORY
Ephialtes cacoeciae (Townes and Townes, 1951; Yu and Horstmann, 1997)
Ephialtes esuchus (Townes, 1944; Yu and Horstmann, 1997)
Ephialtes latus (Townes and Townes, 1951; Yu and Horstmann, 1997)
Ephialtes leavitti (Townes, 1940; Yu and Horstmann, 1997)
Ephialtes montana (Townes and Townes, 1951; Yu and Horstmann, 1997)
Ephialtes pacificus (Townes, 1944; Yu and Horstmann, 1997)
Itoplectis obesus (Townes and Townes, 1951; Yu and Horstmann, 1997)
Pimpla kolthoffi (Townes, 1940; Yu and Horstmann, 1997)
TAXONOMY
catalogue (Cresson, 1887; Dalla Torre, 1902; Schmiedeknecht, 1907; Townes, 1944; Townes and Townes, 1951; Carlson, 1979; Yu and Horstmann, 1997)
description (Provancher, 1883; Cushman, 1921; Townes, 1940; Townes et al, 1960; Torgersen, 1971; Torgersen and Beckwith, 1974; Yu et al, 1992)
description (larva) (Torgersen, 1969)
description in a key [Choristoneura] (Bennett, 2008)
identification (Yu et al, 1992)
original description (Provancher, 1880)
TYPE
Canada (Townes et al, 1960)
Cnd_sfy_ul (Barron, 1975)
description (Barron, 1975)
female (Townes et al, 1960)
TYPE (INVALID)
Cnd_qbc_mpq (Gahan and Rohwer, 1918)
CHINESE NAME
四条埃姬蜂 (Ma, 1983)
ASSOCIATE (PLANT)
Bacillus thuringiensis (Niwa et al, 1987)
BIOCONTROL OF
Choristoneura fumiferana (Dowden, 1962)
Gilpinia hercyniae (Dowden, 1962)
Rhyacionia buoliana (Ryan and Medley, 1970)
BIOLOGY
control-biological (Ryan and Medley, 1970)
fecundity (Ryan and Medley, 1972; Ryan, 1974)
longevity (Ryan and Medley, 1972)
rearing (Ryan and Medley, 1971)
HOST
Acleris gloveranus (Torgersen, 1970; Bradley, 1974; Gray and Shepherd, 1993)
Acleris variana (Townes et al, 1960; Miller, 1966; Bradley, 1974)
Alsophila pometaria (Bradley, 1974)
Anthophila pariana (Townes et al, 1960)
Archips argyrospila (Newcomer, 1958; Townes et al, 1960; Bradley, 1974; Pogue, 1985)
Archips rosana (Townes et al, 1960; Bradley, 1974)
Argyrotaenia citrana (Coop et al, 1989)
Argyrotaenia mariana (Graham, 1965)
Carcina quercana (Carlson, 1979)
Choreutis pariana (Graham, 1965)
Choristoneura conflictana (Torgersen and Beckwith, 1974)
Choristoneura fumiferana (Townes, 1940; Townes, 1944; Carolin and Coulter, 1959; McGugan and Blais, 1959; Townes et al, 1960; Bradley, 1974)
Choristoneura lambertiana (McGregor, 1970)
Choristoneura lambertiana ponderosana (Stevens et al, 1977)
Choristoneura occidentalis (McKnight, 1974; Carlson, 1979; Shea et al, 1984; Niwa et al, 1987)
Choristoneura pinus (Townes et al, 1960)
Choristoneura rosaceana (Li et al, 1999)
Cnephasia longana (Townes et al, 1960; Dickason and Poonyathawon, 1972)
Coleophora pruniella (Graham, 1965)
Coleophora serratella (Bradley, 1974)
Coleophora serratella [Betula papyrifera] (Raske, 1978)
Croesia albicomana [Rosa californica] (Powell, 1962)
Croesia curvalana (Dixon and Carl, 2002)
Croesia semipurpurana (Bradley, 1974)
Cydia pomonella (Townes et al, 1960; Graham, 1965)
Dioryctria abietivorella (Townes et al, 1960; Cameron, 1962)
Dioryctria reniculelloides (Hamel, 1977)
Diurnea salicella (Raine, 1966)
Eilema bicolor (Bradley, 1974)
Endothenia albolineana (Townes et al, 1960; Bradley, 1974)
Endothenia albolineana [Picea asperata] (Cumming, 1954)
Epinotia radicana (Bradley, 1974)
Epinotia radicana [Picea glauca] (Blair, 1939)
Epiphyas postvittana (Buergi and Mills, 2014)
Euceratia castella (Townes et al, 1960)
Hyaloscotes fragmentella (Carlson, 1979)
Lambdina fiscellaria lugubrosa (Townes et al, 1960; Torgersen, 1971; Bradley, 1974)
Malacosoma californicum (Stehr and Cook, 1968)
Malacosoma disstria (Townes et al, 1960; Bradley, 1974)
Meteorus versicolor (Lejeune and Silver, 1961)
Neodiprion tsugae (Townes et al, 1960; Torgersen, 1969; Hard, 1976)
Nepytia freemani (Bradley, 1974)
Nepytia phantasmaria (Townes et al, 1960; Bradley, 1974)
Orgyia pseudotsugata (Dahlsten et al, 1970; Dahlsten et al, 1977; Mason and Torgersen, 1987)
Polix coloradella (Newcomer, 1958)
Proteoteras willingana (Bradley, 1974)
Rhyacionia buoliana (Townes et al, 1960; Bradley, 1974)
Rhyacionia busckana (Carlson, 1979)
Rhyacionia frustrana (Staines et al, 1984)
Rhyacionia zozana (Niwa, 1988)
Spilonota ocellana (Stultz, 1955; Townes et al, 1960)
Thera juniperata (Bradley, 1974)
Thera otisi (Bradley, 1974)
Yponomeuta malinella (Unruh et al, 1993)
HOST FOOD
Abies balsamea (McGugan and Blais, 1959; Bradley, 1974)
Abies concolor (Dahlsten et al, 1970; Dahlsten et al, 1977)
Abies lasiocarpa (Bradley, 1974)
Acer negundo (Bradley, 1974)
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (Townes, 1940)
Betula papyrifera (Bradley, 1974; Raske, 1978)
Juniperus (Bradley, 1974)
Malus (Bradley, 1974; Unruh et al, 1993)
Malus domestica (Stultz, 1955; Cossentine et al, 2004)
Picea asperata (Cumming, 1954)
Picea glauca (Blair, 1939; Bradley, 1974)
Pinus contorta (Townes et al, 1960; Bradley, 1974)
Populus tremuloides (Torgersen and Beckwith, 1974)
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Bradley, 1974)
Pseudotsuga taxifolia (Townes et al, 1960)
Rosa (Townes et al, 1960)
Rosa californica (Powell, 1962)
Rubus (Townes et al, 1960; Coop et al, 1989)
Rubus idaeus (Li et al, 1999)
Tsuga (Townes et al, 1960)
Tsuga heterophylla (Torgersen, 1969; Bradley, 1974)
Ulmus (Bradley, 1974)
HOST SELECTION
multiparasitism (Ryan, 1971)
superparasitism (Ryan, 1971)
PARASITISM
emerge from pupa (Blair, 1939; Carolin and Coulter, 1959; Powell, 1962; Miller, 1966; Raine, 1966; Torgersen, 1970; McKnight, 1974; Torgersen and Beckwith, 1974; Dahlsten et al, 1977; Mason and Torgersen, 1987; Niwa, 1988; Coop et al, 1989; Li et al, 1999)
endoparasitoid (Coop et al, 1989)
idiobiont (Buergi and Mills, 2014)
oviposit in pupa (Carolin and Coulter, 1959; Niwa, 1988)
solitary (Coop et al, 1989; Buergi and Mills, 2014)
PARASITOID
Conura albifrons (Huber et al, 1996)
Hypopteromalus percussor (Huber et al, 1996)
FIGURE
head (Torgersen, 1971)
larval mouth parts (Torgersen, 1969)
leg (Townes et al, 1960)
metasoma (Townes et al, 1960)
GENITALIA
ovipositor:L/T(1) [220] (Townes et al, 1960)
HEAD
compound eye:form [concave] (Torgersen, 1971)
IMAGE
female (Townes et al, 1960)
fore wing (Torgersen, 1970; Torgersen and Beckwith, 1974)
METASOMA
tergite(1):L/W (female) [110] (Townes, 1940)
tergite(3):L/W (female) [50] (Townes, 1940)
tergite(3):L/W (male) [56] (Townes, 1940)
tergite(3):L/W [50] (Townes et al, 1960)
WING
fore wing:length (female) [35] (Townes et al, 1960)
fore wing:length (female) [45] (Townes, 1940)
fore wing:length (female) [80] (Townes, 1940)
fore wing:length (female) [90] (Townes et al, 1960)
COUNTRY
Canada-Alberta (Strickland, 1946; Townes et al, 1960; Bradley, 1974)
Canada-British Columbia (Foxlee, 1954; Townes et al, 1960; Lejeune and Silver, 1961; Graham, 1965; Raine, 1966; Bradley, 1974; Gray and Shepherd, 1993; Li et al, 1999; Cossentine et al, 2004)
Canada-New Brunswick (Townes et al, 1960)
Canada-Newfoundland & Labrador (Townes et al, 1960; Raske, 1978; Dixon and Carl, 2002)
Canada-Northwest Territories (Townes et al, 1960)
Canada-Nova Scotia (Townes, 1940; Stultz, 1955; Townes et al, 1960; Graham, 1965; Miller, 1966)
Canada-Ontario (Townes, 1940; McGugan and Blais, 1959; Townes et al, 1960)
Canada-Prince Edward Island (Townes et al, 1960)
Canada-Quebec (Blair, 1939; Townes et al, 1960)
Canada-Saskatchewan (Cumming, 1954; Townes et al, 1960)
Canada-Yukon Territory (Townes et al, 1960)
Greenland (Townes et al, 1960)
U.S.A.-Alaska (Townes, 1940; Townes et al, 1960; Torgersen, 1969; Torgersen, 1970; Torgersen, 1971; Torgersen and Beckwith, 1974; Hard, 1976)
U.S.A.-Arizona (Townes et al, 1960)
U.S.A.-California (Townes et al, 1960; Powell, 1962; Dahlsten et al, 1970; Dahlsten et al, 1977; Niwa, 1988; Buergi and Mills, 2014)
U.S.A.-Colorado (Townes et al, 1960; McKnight, 1974; Stevens et al, 1977)
U.S.A.-Idaho (Townes et al, 1960; Stehr and Cook, 1968; McGregor, 1970; Shea et al, 1984)
U.S.A.-Maine (Townes, 1940; Townes et al, 1960)
U.S.A.-Montana (Townes et al, 1960; McGregor, 1970; Hamel, 1977; Shea et al, 1984)
U.S.A.-Nevada (Townes et al, 1960)
U.S.A.-New Mexico (Townes et al, 1960)
U.S.A.-New York (Townes et al, 1960)
U.S.A.-Oregon (Carolin and Coulter, 1959; Townes et al, 1960; Mason and Torgersen, 1987; Niwa et al, 1987; Niwa, 1988; Coop et al, 1989)
U.S.A.-Rhode Island (Townes et al, 1960)
U.S.A.-Utah (Townes et al, 1960)
U.S.A.-Vermont (Townes et al, 1960)
U.S.A.-Washington (Newcomer, 1958; Townes et al, 1960; Coop et al, 1989; Unruh et al, 1993)
U.S.A.-Wyoming (Townes et al, 1960; Pogue, 1985)
INTRODUCED INTO
U.S.A.-Connecticut (Dowden, 1962)
U.S.A.-Massachusetts (Dowden, 1962)
U.S.A.-New York (Dowden, 1962)
reference
- Barron, J.R, 1975. Provancher's collections of insects particularly those of Hymenoptera, and a study of the types of his species of Ichneumonidae. Naturaliste Canadien. 102(102):387-591
- Bennett, Andrew M.R, 2008. Review and identification keys to the ichneumonid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Nearctic Choristoneura species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Canadian Entomologist. 140(140):1-47
- Blair, K.G, 1939. Helcon ruspator. Proceedings of the South London Entomological and Natural History Society. 1:15
- Bradley, G.A, 1974. Parasites of forest Lepidoptera in Canada. Subfamily Metopiinae and Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Part 1. Environment Canada, Canadian Forestry Service, Publication. 1336:99
- Buergi, Linda P. and Mills, Nicholas J, 2014. Lack of enemy release for an invasive leafroller in California: temporal patterns and influence of host plant origin. Biological Invasions. 16(16):1021-1034
- Cameron, E.A, 1962. Some Diortctria spp. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Phycitinae) and parasites recorded from North America. Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control Technical Bulletin. 2:77-81
- Carlson, R.W, 1979. Family Ichneumonidae. Stephanidae. In: Krombein K.V., Hurd Jr. P.D., Smith D.R. & Burks B.D. Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico. Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington
- Carolin, V.M. and Coulter, W.K, 1959. The occurrence of insect parasites of Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) in Oregon. Journal of Economic Entomology. 52(52):550-555
- Coop, L.B.; Knight, A. and Fisher, G, 1989. Parasitism of orange Tortrix on caneberry, Rubus spp. in western Oregon and Washington. Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia. 8:63-65
- Cossentine, J.; Jensen, L.; Deglow, E.; Bennett, A.; Goulet, H.; Huber, J. and O'Hara, J, 2004. The parasitoid complex affecting Choristoneura rosaceana and Pandemis limitata in organically managed apple orchards. Biocontrol. 49(49):359-372
- Cresson, E.T, 1887. Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of America, north of Mexico, together with a catalogue of the described species, and bibliography. Transactions of the American Entomological Society. ary Volume
- Cumming, M.E.P, 1954. Notes on the spruce needle miner, Taniva albolineana Kft. (Olethreutidae: Lepidoptera). Canadian Entomologist. 8:457-460
- Cushman, R.A, 1921. The north American Ichneumon-flies of the tribe Ephialtini. Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 5:327-362
- Dahlsten, D.L.; Cameron, E.A. and Copper, W.A, 1970. Distribution and parasitization of cocoons of the Douglas-fir tussock moth, Hemerocampa pseudotsuga (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), in an isolated infestation. Canadian Entomologist. 102(102):175-181
- Dahlsten, D.L.; Luck, R.F.; Schlinger, E.I.; Wenz, J.M. and Copper, W.A, 1977. Parasitoids and predators of the douglas-fir tussock moth, Orgyia pseudotsugata (Lepidoptera: Lymantridae), in low to moderate populations in central California. Canadian Entomologist. 1:727-746
- Dalla Torre, C.G. de, 1902. Catalogus Hymenopterorum. Volumen III. Trigonalidae, Megalyridae, Stephanidae, Ichneumonidae, Agriotypidae, Evaniidae, Pelecinidae. Guilelmi Engelmann. 1:1-544
- Dickason, E.A. and Poonyathawon, R.G, 1972. Parasites of the omnivorous leaftier in Oregon. Environmental Entomology. 1(1):419-424
- Dixon, P.L. and Carl, K, 2002. Croesia curvalana (Kearfott), blueberry leaftier (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). In: Mason, P.G.; Huber, J.T. eds. Biological control programmes in Canada, 1981-2000. CAB Publishing, Oxon, U.K. and New York, U.S.A. 583 pp
- Dowden, P.B, 1962. Parasites and predators of forest insects liberated in the United States through 1960. United States Department of Agriculture. Agricultural Handbook. 226:70
- Foxlee, H.R, 1954. A list of Hymenoptera collected at Robson, B.C. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of British Columbia. 5:13-14
- Gahan, A.B. and Rohwer, S.A, 1918. Lectotypes of the species of Hymenoptera (except Apoidea) described by Abbe Provancher. Canadian Entomologist. 50(50):166-171
- Graham, A.R, 1965. A preliminary list of natural enemies of Canadian agricultural pests. Canada Department of Agriculture. Research Institute. Belleville. 4:179
- Gray, T. and Shepherd, R, 1993. Hymenopterous parasites of the blackheaded bubworm, Acleris gloverana on Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia. 9:11-13
- Hamel, D.R, 1977. The effects of Bacillus thuringiensis on parasitoids of the western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), and the spruce coneworm, Dioryctria reniculelloides (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), in Montana. Canadian Entomologist. 109(109):1409-1415
- Hard, J.S, 1976. Natural control of hemlock sawfly, Neodiprion tsugae (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae), populations in southeast Alaska. Canadian Entomologist. 108(108):485-498
- Huber, J.T.; Eveleigh, E.; Pollock, S. and McCarthy, P, 1996. The Chalcidoid parasitoids and hyperparasitoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Choristoneura species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidea) in America north of Mexico. Canadian Entomologist. 1:1167-1220
- Lejeune, R.R. and Silver, G.T, 1961. Parasites and hyperparasites of the satin moth, Stilpnotia salicis Linnaeus, (Lymentriidae) in British Columbia. Canadian Entomologist. 9:456-467
- Li, S.Y.; Fitzpatrick, S.M.; Troubridge, J.T.; Sharkey, M.J.; Barron, J.R. and O'Hara, J.E, 1999. Parasitoids reared from the obliquebanded leafroller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) infesting raspberries. Canadian Entomologist. 1:399-404
- Ma, Shijun, 1983. [English-Chinese Glossary of Agro-Entomology.]. Beijing, Agricultural Publishing House
- Mason, R.R. and Torgersen, T.R, 1987. Dynamics of a non-outbreak population of the Douglas-fir tussock moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) in southern Oregon. Environmental Entomology. 16(16):1217-1227
- McGregor, M.D, 1970. Biological observations on the life history and habits of Choristoneura lambertiana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on lodgepole pine in southeastern Idaho and western Montana. Canadian Entomologist. 1:1201-1208
- McGugan, B.M. and Blais, J.R, 1959. Spruce budworm parasite studies in northwestern Ontario. Canadian Entomologist. 9:758-783
- McKnight, M.E, 1974. Parasitoids of the western spruce budworm in Colorado. Environmental Entomology. 3(3):186-187
- Miller, C.A, 1966. The black-headed budworm in eastern Canada. Canadian Entomologist. 9:592-613
- Newcomer, E.J, 1958. Some parasites and predators of fruit pests in the Pacific Northwest. Pan-Pacific Entomologist. 34(34):87-91
- Niwa, C.G, 1988. Parasites and predators associated with the ponderosa pine tip moth Rhyacionia zozana (Kearfott) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in California and Oregon. Canadian Entomologist. 120(120):881-886
- Niwa, C.G.; Stelzer, M.J. and Beckwith, R.C, 1987. Effects of Bacillus thuringiensis on parasites of western spruce budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Journal of Economic Entomology. 80(80):750-753
- Pogue, M.G, 1985. Parasites complex of Archips argyrospilus, Choristoneura rosaceana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and Anacampsis innocuella (Lepidoptera: Gelechidae) in Wyoming shelterbelts. Entomological News. 96(96):83-86
- Powell, J.A, 1962. Host-parasite relationships of California Tortricinae (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist. 38(38):131-140
- Provancher, L, 1880. Faune canadienne. Les insectes - Hyménoptères. Naturaliste Canadien. 12(12):33-48
- Provancher, L, 1883. Petite faune entomologique du Canada et particulierement de la province de Québec. Vol. II. Comprenant les Orthoptères, les Névroptères et les Hyménoptères. C. Darveau. Québec
- Raine, J, 1966. Life history of Dasystoma salicellum Hbn. (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae), a new pest of blueberries in British Columbia. Canadian Entomologist. 9:331-334
- Raske, A.G, 1978. Parasites of birch casebearer larvae in Newfoundland (Lep.: Coleophoridae). Entomophaga. 23(23):103-108
- Ryan, R.B, 1971. Interaction between two parasites, Apechthis ontario and Itoplectis quadricingulatus. I. Survival in singly attacked, super- and multiparasitized greater wax moth pupae. Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 6:205-208
- Ryan, R.B, 1974. Reduced oviposition by Ephialtes ontario and Itoplectis quadricingulatus in a humid environment. Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 67(67):928-930
- Ryan, R.B. and Medley, R.D, 1970. Test release of Itoplectis quadricingulatus against European pine shoot moth in an isolated infestation. Journal of Economic Entomology. 6:1390-1392
- Ryan, R.B. and Medley, R.D, 1971. Rearing insect parasitoids: A technique for counting, space and holding Lepidopterous pupae for parasitization. Journal of Economic Entomology. 64(64):1558
- Ryan, R.B. and Medley, R.D, 1972. Interaction between two parasites, Apechthis ontario and Itoplectis quadricingulatus. 2. F1 progeny production in light-stratified population cages. Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 65(65):172-177
- Schmiedeknecht, O, 1907. Hymenoptera. Fam. Ichneumonidae. Subfamilie Pimplinae. Genera Insectorum. 6:1-120
- Shea, P.J.; Johnson, D.R. and Nakamoto, R, 1984. Effects of 5 insecticides on 2 primary parasites of the western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Protection Ecology. 7(7):259-268
- Staines, C.L.Jr.; Malan, S.C.; Williams, G.L. and Shea, T.L.Jr, 1984. Species composition in a guild of overwintering Rhyacionia spp. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae, Olethreutinae) populations in Maryland. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 86(86):821-825
- Stehr, F.W. and Cook, E.F, 1968. A revision of the genus Malacosoma Hübner in North America (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae): systematics, biology, immatures, and parasites. Bulletin of the United States National Museum. 276:321
- Stevens, R.E.; Borg, T.K. and Thatcher, T.O, 1977. Notes on a pine-feeding budworm, Choristoneura lambertiana ponderosana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in the Colorado Rockies. Canadian Entomologist. 1:1269-1274
- Strickland, E.H, 1946. An annotated list of the Ichneumonoidea of Alberta. Canadian Entomologist. 7:36-46
- Stultz, H.T, 1955. The influence of spray programmes on the fauna of apple orchards in Nova Scotia. VIII. Natural enemies of the eye-spotted bud moth, Spilonota ocellana (D. & S.) (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae). Canadian Entomologist. 8:79-85
- Torgersen, T.R, 1969. Hymenopterous parasites of the Hemlock sawfly, Neodiprion tsugae Middleton, in southeast Alaska, with a key to larval remains. Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia. 6:53-62
- Torgersen, T.R, 1970. Parasites of the black-headed budworm, Acleris gloverana (Lep., Tortricidae) in south-east Alaska. Canadian Entomologist. 1:1294-1299
- Torgersen, T.R, 1971. Parasites of the western hemlock looper, Lambdina fiscellaria lugubrosa (Hulst), in southeast Alaska (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist. 4:215-219
- Torgersen, T.R. and Beckwith, R.C, 1974. Parasitoids associated with the large aspen Tortrix, Choristoneura conflictana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in interior Alaska. Canadian Entomologist. 1:1247-1265
- Townes, H.K, 1940. A revision of the Pimplini of eastern North America (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 33(33):283-323
- Townes, H.K, 1944. A Catalogue and Reclassification of the Nearctic Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera). Part I. The subfamilies Ichneumoninae, Tryphoninae,Cryptinae, Phaeogeninae and Lissonotinae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Society. No.11
- Townes, H.K. and Townes, M, 1951. Family Ichneumonidae. In: Muesebeck C.F.W., Krombein K.V. & Townes H.K. eds. Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico - Synoptic catalog. USDA. Agriculture Monograph. No. 2. 1420 pp
- Townes, H.K.; Townes, M.; Walley, G.S. and Townes, G, 1960. Ichneumon-flies of American north of Mexico: 2 Subfamily Ephialtinae, Xoridinae, Acaenitinae. United States National Museum Bulletin. 216(216):1-676
- Unruh, T.R.; Congdon, B.D. and Lagasa, E, 1993. Yponomeuta malinellus Zeller (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae), a new immigrant pest of apples in the northwest: phenology and distribution expansion, with notes on efficacy of natural enemies. Pan-Pacific Entomologist. 69(69):57-70
- Yu, D.S. and Horstmann, K, 1997. A catalogue of world Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute. 58:1558
- Yu, D.S.; Kokko, E.G.; Barron, J.R.; Schaalje, G.B. and Gowen, B.E, 1992. Identification of Ichneumonid wasps using image analysis of wings. Systematic Entomology. 1:389-395
资源
media id | 名称 | type | description | 创建时间 | 操作 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
生物学记录
occurrence id | catalog nub | type | 省/行政区 | city | 地点 | 科 | 种 | 采集人 | event time | 容器 | 入口 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 |