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Scambus brevicornis (Gravenhorst, 1829) valid
- taxon id: 35792
- catalog nub: HS_20582
- 分类系统: 瘤姬蜂亚科 Pimplinae
- 阶元:种
- 状态: valid
- 中文科学名: 短角曲姬蜂
- 已发表: 是
- 灭绝: 否
- original placement: 否
- original name:Pimpla brevicornis Gravenhorst, 1829
- 格式: animal
- 作者: Gravenhorst
- year: 1829
- source: Taxapad Ichneumonoidea in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2019
- url: http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2019/details/species/id/03279cf8d22e1364e35d6ad52b817ccf
- 创建时间: 2022-09-01 19:28
- create by: zxmlmq (admin)
pictures
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分类信息
- 界: Animalia | 动物界
- 门: Arthropoda | 节肢动物门
- 纲: Insecta | 昆虫纲
- 目: Hymenoptera | 膜翅目
- 亚目: Apocrita | 细腰亚目
- 总科: Ichneumonoidea | 姬蜂总科
- 科: Ichneumonidae | 姬蜂科
- 亚科: Pimplinae | 瘤姬蜂亚科
- 族: Ephialtini | 长尾姬蜂族
- 属: Scambus (Hartig, 1838) | 曲姬蜂属
- 种: Scambus brevicornis (Gravenhorst, 1829) | 短角曲姬蜂
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tree:
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无效名:
- Scambus concolor (Ratzeburg, 1848) homonym
- Scambus nigriscaposus (Thomson, 1877) synonym
- Scambus punctiventris (Thomson, 1877) synonym
- Scambus centaureae (Förster, 1888) synonym
- Scambus infestus (Förster, 1888) synonym
- Scambus bicoloripes (Ashmead, 1902) synonym
- Scambus anomalus (Morley, 1906) synonym
- Scambus fumosus (Ulbricht, 1910) other
- Scambus tibialis (Ulbricht, 1910) other
- Scambus pratensis (Pfankuch, 1921) other
- Scambus terrestris (Pfankuch, 1921) other
- Scambus rivalis (Habermehl, 1923) synonym
- Scambus ribesii (Hensch, 1929) synonym
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寄生于:
- Acleris hastiana Linnaeus, 1758
- Aethes deutschiana Zetterstedt, 1839
- Agonopterix putridella Denis & Schiffermuller, 1775
- Agriopis aurantiaria Hubner, 1799
- Anchinia laureolella Herrich-Schaffer, 1854
- Ancylis mitterbacheriana Denis & Schiffermuller, 1775
- Anthaxia deaurata Gmelin, 1790
- Anthonomus pomorum (L.Bedel, 1887)
- Anthonomus pyri Kollar, 1837
- Anthophila pariana Clerck, 1796
- Aproaerema anthyllidella Hubner, 1813
- Archips rosana Linnaeus, 1758
- Ardis brunniventris (Hartig, 1837)
- Aristotelia brizella Treitschke, 1833
- Blastodacna atra Haworth, 1828
- Callidium aeneum (Degeer, 1775)
- Caloptilia alchimiella (Scopoli, 1763)
- Caloptilia stigmatella (Fabricius, 1781)
- Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimic, 1986
- Choreutis pariana Clerck, 1759
- Choristoneura murinana Hubner, 1799
- Choristoneura rosaceana Harris, 1841
- Clepsis unicolorana Duponchel, 1835
- Cnaemidophorus rhododactylus
- Cnephasia asseclana Denis & Schiffermuller, 1775
- Cnephasia nubilana
- Cochylis atricapitana Stephens, 1852
- Cochylis flaviciliana Westwood, 1854
- Cochylis posterana Zeller, 1847
- Coleophora adjunctella Hodgkinson, 1882
- Coleophora alticolella Zeller, 1849
- Coleophora cecidophorella Oudejans, 1972
- Coleophora conspicuella Zeller, 1849
- Coleophora flaviella Mann, 1857
- Coleophora frischella Linnaeus, 1758
- Coleophora laricella Hubner, 1817
- Coleophora linosyris Hering, 1937
- Coleophora nutantella Muhlig & Frey, 1857
- Coleophora obscenella Herrich-Schaffer, 1855
- Coleophora silenella Herrich-Schaffer, 1855
- Coleophora suaedivora Meyrick, 1928
- Cotesia tibialis (Curtis, 1830) | 皱基盘绒茧蜂
- Cydia gemmiferana Treitschke, 1835
- Cydia nigricana Fabricius, 1794
- Cydia succedana Denis & Schiffermuller, 1775
- Dichrorampha consortana Stephens, 1852
- Dioryctria abietella Denis & Schiffermuller, 1775
- Endothenia gentianaeana Hubner, 1799
- Erannis defoliaria Clerck, 1759
- Eriocampa ovata Linnaeus, 1760
- Etiella zinckenella Treitschke, 1832
- Eucosma aemulana Schlager, 1849
- Eucosma hohenwartiana Denis & Schiffermuller, 1775
- Euphranta connexa (Fabricius, 1794)
- Eupithecia linariata Denis & Schiffermuller, 1775
- Eupithecia tripunctaria Herrich-Schaffer, 1852
- Euproctis chrysorrhoea Linnaeus, 1758
- Euxanthoides straminea (Haworth, 1811)
- Exoteleia dodecella Linnaeus, 1758
- Gimnomera dorsata Zetterstedt, 1838
- Gymnetron antirrhini Schoenherr, 1825
- Gymnetron campanulae Schoenherr, 1825
- Hadena Schrank, 1802
- Hadena bicruris Hufnagel, 1766
- Hadena rivularis Fabricius, 1775
- Hellinsia carphodactylus
- Homoeosoma nebulella Denis & Schiffermuller, 1775
- Lathronympha strigana Fabricius, 1775
- Leptidea sinapis (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Lixus obesus Petri, 1904
- Lobesia botrana Denis & Schiffermuller, 1775
- Lobesia euphorbianus (Freyer, 1840)
- Lobesia littoralis Westwood & Humphreys, 1845
- Lobesia viteana (Clemens, 1860)
- Lozotaenia forsterana Fabricius, 1781
- Malacosoma neustria Linnaeus, 1758
- Metzneria metzneriella Stainton, 1851
- Mompha conturbatella Hubner, 1819
- Neodiprion sertifer (Geoffroy)
- Noeeta pupillata (Fallen, 1814)
- Notocelia uddmanniana Linnaeus, 1758
- Orthosia gracilis Denis & Schiffermuller, 1775
- Periclista lineolata Klug, 1816
- Pexicopia malvella Hubner, 1805
- Phycitodes maritima Tengstrom, 1848
- Phycitodes saxicola Vaughan, 1870
- Pima boisduvaliella Guenee, 1845
- Pissodes harcyniae Herbst & J.F.W., 1795
- Pissodes notatus Sturm, 1826
- Pissodes validirostris Gyllenhal, 1835
- Platyedra subcinerea Haworth, 1828
- Platyptilia gonodactyla (Denis & Schiffermuller, 1775)
- Platyptilia nemoralis Zeller, 1841
- Plutella xylostella Linnaeus, 1758 | 小菜蛾
- Pontania vesicator Bremi, 1849
- Porrittia galactodactyla (Denis & Schiffermuller, 1775)
- Pristerognatha fuligana Denis & Schiffermuller, 1775
- Ptocheuusa paupella Zeller, 1847
- Rheumaptera hastata Linnaeus, 1758
- Rhyacionia buoliana Denis & Schiffermuller, 1775
- Rhyacionia duplana Hubner, 1813
- Rhyacionia resinella (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Scotopteryx bipunctaria Denis & Schiffermuller, 1775
- Scrobipalpa salinella Zeller, 1847
- Spilonota ocellana Denis & Schiffermuller, 1775
- Tebenna bjerkandrella Thunberg, 1784
- Thiotricha subocellea Stephens, 1834
- Tischeria ekebladella Bjerkander, 1795
- Tortrix viridana Linnaeus, 1758
- Xystophora pulveratella Herrich-Schaffer, 1854
- Zeiraphera canadensis Mutuura & Freeman, 1966
- Zeiraphera fortunana Kearfott, 1907
- Zeiraphera griseana Hubner, 1799
- parasited by:
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associated plant:
- Aesculus hippocastanum L.
- Atriplex
- Bartsia alpina L.
- Betula nana L.
- Cirsium | 蓟属
- Daphne striata Tratt.
- Juncus
- Juncus squarrosus L.
- Malus domestica
- Melilotus altissimus Thuill.
- Picea glauca
- Pinus mugo Turra | 欧洲山松
- Pinus sylvestris | 欧洲赤松
- Prangos uloptera DC.
- Pyrus communis | 洋梨
- Quercus suber L.
- Ribes nigrum
- Ribes rubrum
- Rubus idaeus
- Salix caprea
- Silene latifolia
- Sonchus
- Suaeda
- Vincetoxicum hirundinaria Medicus
geography information
- 国家/地区: 奥地利 ; 阿塞拜疆 ; 比利时 ; 保加利亚 ; 加拿大 ; 捷克 ; 捷克斯洛伐克 ; 丹麦 ; 芬兰 ; 法国 ; 格鲁吉亚 ; 德国 ; Greenland ; 匈牙利 ; 冰岛 ; 伊朗 ; 爱尔兰 ; 马恩岛 ; 意大利 ; 日本 ; 哈萨克斯坦 ; 拉脱维亚 ; 立陶宛 ; 卢森堡 ; 马其顿 ; 摩尔多瓦 ; 蒙古 ; 荷兰 ; 挪威 ; 波兰 ; 罗马尼亚 ; 塞尔维亚 ; 斯洛伐克 ; 西班牙 ; 瑞典 ; 瑞士 ; 突尼斯 ; 土耳其 ; 乌克兰 ; 英国 ;
- 省/行政区: 阿拉斯加州 ; 加利福尼亚州 ; 科罗拉多州 ; 爱达荷州 ; 内蒙古自治区 ; 堪察加州 ; 缅因州 ; 马萨诸塞州 ; 密歇根州 ; 蒙大拿州 ; New Jersey ; 纽约州 ; Novosibirsk Oblast ; 俄勒冈州 ; Rhode Island ; Rostov Oblast ; 圣彼得堡 ; Saratov Oblast ; 山西省 ; 犹他州 ; Vladimir Oblast ; 华盛顿州 ; 怀俄明州 ; Yaroslavl Oblast ;
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地图:
description
ORIGINAL NAME
Pimpla brevicornis
SYNONYM
Scambus anomalus (Morley,1906); Scambus bicoloripes (Ashmead,1902); Scambus centaureae (Förster,1888); Scambus concolor (Ratzeburg,1848); Scambus fumosus (Ulbricht,1910); Scambus infestus (Förster,1888); Scambus nigriscaposus (Thomson,1877); Scambus pratensis (Pfankuch,1921); Scambus punctiventris (Thomson,1877); Scambus ribesii (Hensch,1929); Scambus rivalis (Habermehl,1923); Scambus terrestris (Pfankuch,1921); Scambus tibialis (Ulbricht,1910)
COMBINATION HISTORY
Cryptus (Desvignes, 1856)
Ephialtes (Perkins, 1943; Schröder, 1966)
Epiurus (Woldstedt, 1878; Schmiedeknecht, 1888)
Pimpla (Smith, 1853; Kirchner, 1867; Dours, 1873; Bridgman, 1893; Fick, 1894; Zavattari, 1904; Strand, 1906; Alfken, 1924; Uffeln, 1940)
Scambus (Ely, 1987; Fitton et al, 1988; Koponen et al, 1995; Anento and Selfa, 1997; Riedel and Berg, 1997; Yu and Horstmann, 1997; Horstmann, 2001; Sedivy, 2001; Bauer, 2002; Kazmierczak, 2004; Kolarov and Gürbüz, 2004; Thirion, 2005; Yurtcan, 2007; Coruh and Ozbek, 2008; Kolarov, 2008; Sheng and Sun, 2010; Riedel et al, 2013)
Scambus (Scambus) (Townes et al, 1960; Ozols, 1964; Townes et al, 1965; Oehlke, 1966; Oehlke, 1967; Carlson, 1979; Kasparyan, 1981; Kolarov, 1997; Kolarov et al, 1999; Kasparyan and Khalaim, 2007)
HIGHER GROUP
Scambus brevicornis-Group (Horstmann, 2010)
SYNONYM HISTORY
Ephialtes altalpium (Aubert, 1966; Yu and Horstmann, 1997)
Epiurus agilis (Yu and Horstmann, 1997)
Epiurus bicoloripes (Townes et al, 1960; Yu and Horstmann, 1997; Horstmann, 2010)
Epiurus centaureae (Horstmann, 2010)
Epiurus depositor (Jussila, 1965; Yu and Horstmann, 1997)
Epiurus infestus (Roman, 1917; Yu and Horstmann, 1997; Horstmann, 2010)
Epiurus rivalis (Horstmann, 2010)
Phthorimus anomalus (Roman, 1914; Yu and Horstmann, 1997; Horstmann, 2010)
Pimpla ameformis (Oehlke, 1966; Yu and Horstmann, 1997)
Pimpla balearica (Oehlke, 1967; Horstmann and Bordera, 1995; Yu and Horstmann, 1997; Horstmann, 2006)
Pimpla concolor (Aubert, 1967; Yu and Horstmann, 1997)
Pimpla euphrantae (Perkins, 1943; Koponen et al, 1995; Yu and Horstmann, 1997)
Pimpla laticeps (Taschenberg, 1863; Morley, 1908)
Pimpla nigriscaposa (Roman, 1914; Koponen et al, 1995; Yu and Horstmann, 1997; Horstmann, 2010)
Pimpla novita (Morley, 1914)
Pimpla pratensis (Yu and Horstmann, 1997)
Pimpla punctiventris (Perkins, 1943; Yu and Horstmann, 1997; Horstmann, 2010)
Pimpla punicea (Aubert, 1967; Aubert, 1969; Yu and Horstmann, 1997)
Pimpla ribesii (Yu and Horstmann, 1997)
Pimpla terrestris (Yu and Horstmann, 1997)
Pimpla tibialis (Yu and Horstmann, 1997)
TAXONOMY
catalogue (Curtis, 1837; Desvignes, 1856; Marshall, 1872; Jacobs and Tosquinet, 1897; Dalla Torre, 1902; Schmiedeknecht, 1907; Ceballos, 1956; Walkley, 1958; Townes et al, 1965; Oehlke, 1967; Aubert, 1969; Carlson, 1979; Kolarov, 1995; Yu and Horstmann, 1997)
description (Holmgren, 1860; Taschenberg, 1863; Brischke, 1865; Thomson, 1877; Brischke, 1880; Schmiedeknecht, 1888; Schmiedeknecht, 1897; Schmiedeknecht, 1906; Morley, 1908; Ulbricht, 1910; Morley, 1914; Schmiedeknecht, 1914; Hellén, 1915; Pfankuch, 1921; Hensch, 1929; Meyer, 1934; Schmiedeknecht, 1934; Peck, 1937; Haupt, 1938; Bajári, 1960; Townes et al, 1960; Ceballos, 1962; Ozols, 1964; Jussila, 1965; Aubert, 1966; Oehlke, 1966; Constantineanu and Pisica, 1977; Kasparyan, 1981; Evenhuis and Vlug, 1983; Kuslitzky et al, 1987; Fitton et al, 1988; Tolkanitz and Narolsky, 1992; Kolarov, 1997)
description (egg) (Janzon, 1982)
description (larva) (Stuart, 1957)
description in a key [Russian Far East] (Kasparyan and Khalaim, 2007)
description in a key [Scambus brevicornis-Group] (Horstmann, 2010)
description in a key [orchard pests] (Zajanckauskas et al, 1979)
original description (Gravenhorst, 1829)
TYPE
Italy-main (Townes et al, 1965)
Pld_wcw_izu (Townes et al, 1965)
lectotype (Townes et al, 1965)
male (Townes et al, 1965)
CHINESE NAME
短⻆曲姬蜂 (Wang et al, 1993; Wang and Yue, 1995; Sheng and Sun, 2010)
ASSOCIATE
Adleria kollari (Billups, 1895)
ASSOCIATE (PLANT)
Alnus glutinosa (Gorny, 1979)
Angelica sylvestris (Morley, 1908)
Aster tripolium (Morley, 1908)
Cirsium arvense (Horstmann, 1970)
Cirsium vulgare (Horstmann, 1970)
Cnicus paluster (Morley, 1908)
Daucus carota (Constantineanu et al, 1958)
Heracleum (Morley, 1908)
Larix europaea (Karpinski, 1967)
Larix polonica (Karpinski, 1967)
Peucedanum oreoselinum (Sawoniewicz, 1973)
Populus tremula (Morley, 1908)
Suaeda maritima (Horstmann, 1970)
Vincetoxicum officinale (Bauer, 2002)
BIOLOGY
developmental rate (Stuart, 1957)
food (Djanelidze, 1976)
host feeding (Stuart, 1957)
mating behaviour (Stuart, 1957)
overwinter as prepupa (Fitton et al, 1988)
sex ratio (Randall, 1982)
FOOD SOURCE (IMAGOS)
Cinara pini (Zoebelein, 1955)
Eucallipterus tiliae (Zoebelein, 1955)
Heracleum sphondylium (Jervis et al, 1993)
HOST
Acleris hastiana (Fitton et al, 1988)
Adleria kollari (Györfi, 1958)
Aethes deutschiana (Molau et al, 1989)
Agonopterix putridella (Fitton et al, 1988)
Agriopis aurantiaria (Schimitschek, 1962)
Anchinia laureolella (Aeschlimann, 1974)
Ancylis mitterbacheriana (Capek et al, 1982)
Ancylis tineana forsterana [Betula nana] (Bachmaier, 1965)
Anthaxia deaurata (Sedivy, 1995)
Anthonomus pomorum (Keler, 1926; Fulmek, 1968)
Anthonomus pyri (Zapryanov, 1992)
Anthophila pariana (Townes et al, 1960)
Aproaerema anthyllidella (Fitton et al, 1988)
Archips rosana (Brischke, 1880; Rudow, 1917; Aubert, 1969; Piekarska-Boniecka, 1994; Ozdemir and Ozdemir, 2002)
Archips rosana [Ribes nigrum] (Piekarska-Boniecka, 1997)
Ardis brunniventris (Brischke, 1880)
Aristotelia brizella (Fitton et al, 1988)
Blastodacna atra (Fulmek, 1968)
Callidium aeneum (Aubert, 1969)
Caloptilia alchimiella (Jacobs, 1905)
Caloptilia stigmatella (Billups, 1886; Billups, 1889)
Cameraria ohridella [Aesculus hippocastanum] (Toth and Lukas, 2005)
Choreutis pariana (Smits van Burgst, 1918)
Choristoneura murinana (Schimitschek, 1943; Zwölfer, 1956; Schimitschek, 1964)
Choristoneura rosaceana (Townes et al, 1960; Carlson, 1979; Li et al, 1999)
Clepsis unicolorana (Villemant, 1982)
Cnaemidophorus rhododactylus (Ozbek, 2008)
Cnephasia asseclana (Kurir, 1975)
Cnephasia nubilana (Aubert, 1969)
Cochylis atricapitana (Fitton et al, 1988)
Cochylis flaviciliana (Bridgman, 1893; Fitton et al, 1988)
Cochylis posterana (Brischke, 1880; Rudow, 1917)
Coleophora adjunctella (Fitton et al, 1988)
Coleophora alticolella (Randall, 1982; Fitton et al, 1988)
Coleophora alticolella [Juncus squarrosus] (Jordan, 1958)
Coleophora cecidophorella (Fulmek, 1968)
Coleophora conspicuella (Fitton et al, 1988)
Coleophora flaviella (Ronniger and Ortner, 1948)
Coleophora frischella (Stuart, 1957; Stuart, 1958)
Coleophora laricella (Smits van Burgst, 1918)
Coleophora linosyris (Sedivy, 2001)
Coleophora nutantella (Sedivy, 2001)
Coleophora obscenella (Fitton et al, 1988; Sedivy, 2001)
Coleophora silenella (Sedivy, 2001)
Coleophora suaedivora (Horstmann, 1970)
Cotesia tibialis (Brischke, 1880; Rudow, 1917)
Cydia gemmiferana (Fitton et al, 1988)
Cydia nigricana (Townes et al, 1960; Bradley, 1974)
Cydia succedana (Fitton et al, 1988)
Dichrorampha consortana (Fitton et al, 1988)
Dioryctria abietella (Brischke, 1880; Rudow, 1917; Aubert, 1969)
Endothenia gentianaeana (Fitton et al, 1988)
Epinotia margarotana (Constantineanu and Pisica, 1966; Pisica and Petcu, 1967)
Erannis defoliaria (Schimitschek, 1962)
Eriocampa ovata (Rudow, 1917)
Etiella zinckenella (Aubert, 1969)
Eucosma aemulana (Fitton et al, 1988)
Eucosma hohenwartiana (Horstmann, 1970)
Euphranta connexa (Fulmek, 1968; Janzon, 1982)
Euphranta connexa [Cynanchum vincetoxicum] (Sedivy, 2001)
Euphranta connexa [Vincetoxicum hirundinaria] (Solbreck, 2000)
Eupithecia linariata (Fitch, 1880; Parfitt, 1881; Fulmek, 1968; Fitton et al, 1988)
Eupithecia tripunctaria (Poulton, 1933)
Euproctis chrysorrhoea (Mamedov, 1988)
Euxanthoides straminea (Fitton et al, 1988)
Exoteleia dodecella (Lemarie, 1959; Lemarie, 1961; Ozols, 1961; Sawoniewicz, 1973)
Gimnomera dorsata (Molau et al, 1989)
Gymnetron antirrhini (Aubert, 1966)
Gymnetron campanulae (Fulmek, 1968)
Hadena (Shaw, 2006)
Hadena bicruris [Silene latifolia] (Elzinga et al, 2007)
Hadena rivularis (Fitch, 1883; Bignell, 1898)
Hellinsia carphodactylus (Aubert, 1969)
Homoeosoma nebulella (Pisica and Petcu, 1967)
Lathronympha strigana (Fitton et al, 1988)
Leptidea sinapis (Marshall, 1874)
Lixus obesus [Prangos uloptera] (Gultekin, 2005)
Lobesia botrana (Aubert, 1969)
Lobesia euphorbianus (Fitch, 1883)
Lobesia littoralis (Fitton et al, 1988)
Lobesia viteana (Townes et al, 1960)
Lozotaenia forsterana (Fitch, 1883; Aubert, 1969)
Malacosoma neustria (Romanyk and Ruperez, 1960)
Malacosoma neustria [Quercus suber] (Martelli and Arru, 1958)
Metzneria metzneriella (Fitton et al, 1988)
Mompha conturbatella (Fitton et al, 1988)
Neodiprion sertifer (Oehlke, 1966)
Noeeta pupillata (Fulmek, 1968)
Notocelia uddmanniana (Fitton et al, 1988)
Olethreutes hercyniana (Franz, 1952)
Orthosia gracilis (Sperring, 1933; Blair, 1935; Fitton et al, 1988)
Periclista lineolata (Rudow, 1917)
Pexicopia malvella (Fitton et al, 1988)
Phycitodes maritima (Fitton et al, 1988)
Phycitodes saxicola (Fitton et al, 1988)
Pima boisduvaliella (Fitton et al, 1988)
Pissodes harcyniae (Rudow, 1917)
Pissodes notatus (Brischke, 1880; Rudow, 1917)
Pissodes validirostris (Ozols, 1961; Fulmek, 1968; Hedqvist, 1974; Wang and Yue, 1995; Sheng and Sun, 2010)
Platyedra subcinerea (Fitton et al, 1988)
Platyptilia gonodactyla (Fitton et al, 1988)
Platyptilia nemoralis (Fulmek, 1968)
Plutella xylostella (Aubert, 1969)
Pontania vesicator (Torka, 1931; Aubert, 1969)
Porrittia galactodactyla (Billups, 1891)
Pristerognatha fuligana (Horstmann, 1970)
Ptocheuusa paupella (Fitton et al, 1988)
Rheumaptera hastata (Bridgman, 1893)
Rhyacionia buoliana (Thorpe, 1930; Fulmek, 1968; Pisica, 1971; Pisica and Petcu, 1972; Sawoniewicz, 1973; Bradley, 1974; Schröder, 1974; Fitton et al, 1988; Sedivy, 2001)
Rhyacionia buoliana [Pinus sylvestris] (Villemant, 1980)
Rhyacionia duplana (Ozols, 1961)
Rhyacionia duplana simulata (Momoi, 1977)
Rhyacionia resinella (Brischke, 1880; Rudow, 1917; Fulmek, 1968; Aubert, 1969; Sawoniewicz, 1973)
Scotopteryx bipunctaria (Györfi, 1958; Aubert, 1969)
Scrobipalpa salinella (Fitton et al, 1988)
Spilonota ocellana (Townes et al, 1960; Bradley, 1974)
Tebenna bjerkandrella (Sedivy, 2001)
Thiotricha subocellea (Fitton et al, 1988)
Tischeria ekebladella (Brischke, 1880)
Tortrix viridana (Sawoniewicz, 1973)
Xystophora pulveratella (Aubert, 1969)
Zeiraphera canadensis (Bradley, 1974)
Zeiraphera fortunana (Bradley, 1974)
Zeiraphera griseana (Baltensweiler, 1958; Delucchi, 1982)
HOST FOOD
Aesculus hippocastanum (Toth and Lukas, 2005)
Atriplex (Fitton et al, 1988)
Bartsia alpina (Molau et al, 1989)
Betula nana (Bachmaier, 1965)
Cirsium (Horstmann, 1970)
Cynanchum vincetoxicum (Sedivy, 2001)
Daphne striata (Aeschlimann, 1974)
Juncus (Fitton et al, 1988)
Juncus squarrosus (Jordan, 1958; Randall, 1982)
Malus domestica (Evenhuis and Vlug, 1983)
Melilotus altissimus (Stuart, 1957)
Picea glauca (Bradley, 1974)
Pinus mugo (Bradley, 1974)
Pinus sylvestris (Schröder, 1974; Villemant, 1980)
Prangos uloptera (Gultekin, 2005)
Pyrus communis (Zapryanov, 1992)
Quercus suber (Martelli and Arru, 1958)
Ribes nigrum (Piekarska-Boniecka, 1997)
Ribes rubrum (Piekarska-Boniecka, 1994)
Rubus idaeus (Li et al, 1999)
Salix caprea (Möller, 1882)
Silene latifolia (Elzinga et al, 2007)
Sonchus (Horstmann, 1970)
Suaeda (Horstmann, 1970)
Vincetoxicum hirundinaria (Janzon, 1982; Solbreck, 2000)
PARASITISM
ectoparasitoid (Stuart, 1957; Schröder, 1974; Villemant, 1980; Capek et al, 1982; Randall, 1982)
emerge from larva/nymph (Billups, 1891; Capek et al, 1982; Piekarska-Boniecka, 1994; Piekarska-Boniecka, 1997; Li et al, 1999)
emerge from pupa (Bignell, 1885)
idiobiont (Stuart, 1957)
oviposit on larva (Stuart, 1957; Schröder, 1974; Randall, 1982)
rate (Aeschlimann, 1974)
solitary (Capek et al, 1982; Randall, 1982)
PARASITOID
Gelis agilis (Bachmaier, 1965)
Pteromalus semotus (Randall, 1982)
ANTENNA
antenna:segments (female) [20] (Pfankuch, 1921; Ozols, 1964)
antenna:segments (female) [22] (Townes et al, 1960; Kolarov, 1997)
antenna:segments (female) [24] (Ozols, 1964)
antenna:segments (female) [26] (Townes et al, 1960; Kolarov, 1997)
antenna:segments (male) [20] (Townes et al, 1960; Kolarov, 1997)
antenna:segments (male) [22] (Ozols, 1964)
antenna:segments (male) [23] (Ozols, 1964)
antenna:segments (male) [24] (Townes et al, 1960; Kolarov, 1997)
FIGURE
egg (Stuart, 1957; Janzon, 1982)
female (Nakaya, 1990)
genitalia (male) (Horstmann, 2010)
head (Evenhuis and Vlug, 1983)
hind wing (Fitton et al, 1988)
larva (2nd instar) (Stuart, 1957)
larva (3rd instar) (Stuart, 1957)
larva (4th instar) (Stuart, 1957)
larva (final instar) (Stuart, 1957)
larval mouth parts (Thorpe, 1930; Stuart, 1957; Short, 1978)
leg (Townes et al, 1960; Nakaya, 1990)
male claspers (Ozols, 1964)
metasoma (Evenhuis and Vlug, 1983)
ovipositor (Evenhuis and Vlug, 1983; Fitton et al, 1988)
GENERAL CHARACTERS
body:length (female) [100] (Morley, 1908; Ozols, 1964)
body:length (female) [40] (Jussila, 1965)
body:length (female) [50] (Evenhuis and Vlug, 1983)
body:length (female) [60] (Morley, 1908)
body:length (female) [65] (Hensch, 1929; Ozols, 1964)
body:length (female) [68] (Taschenberg, 1863)
body:length (female) [70] (Evenhuis and Vlug, 1983)
body:length (female) [80] (Schmiedeknecht, 1906; Constantineanu et al, 1958)
body:length (male) [35] (Evenhuis and Vlug, 1983)
body:length (male) [55] (Evenhuis and Vlug, 1983)
body:length (male) [63] (Ozols, 1964)
GENITALIA
ovipositor:L/BL [57] (Evenhuis and Vlug, 1983)
ovipositor:L/BL [63] (Taschenberg, 1863)
ovipositor:L/MtsL [100] (Townes et al, 1960)
ovipositor:L/MtsL [113] (Taschenberg, 1863)
ovipositor:L/Ti [210] (Fitton et al, 1988)
ovipositor:L/Ti [230] (Horstmann, 2010)
ovipositor:L/Ti [250] (Fitton et al, 1988; Horstmann, 2010)
ovipositor:L/WL [60] (Oehlke, 1966)
ovipositor:L/WL [70] (Oehlke, 1966)
ovipositor:length [30] (Evenhuis and Vlug, 1983)
ovipositor:length [34] (Ozols, 1964)
ovipositor:length [40] (Evenhuis and Vlug, 1983)
ovipositor:length [43] (Taschenberg, 1863)
ovipositor:length [60] (Constantineanu et al, 1958)
ovipositor:length [65] (Ozols, 1964)
HEAD
clypeus apical margin:form [with a notch] (Evenhuis and Vlug, 1983)
malar space:W/MBW (female) [33] (Townes et al, 1960)
malar space:W/MBW (female) [40] (Oehlke, 1966)
malar space:W/MBW (male) [21] (Townes et al, 1960)
malar space:W/MBW (male) [30] (Oehlke, 1966)
ocelli:OOL/OD (female) [152] (Townes et al, 1960)
IMAGE
clypeus apical margin:form (Evenhuis and Vlug, 1983)
fore & hind wings (Evenhuis and Vlug, 1983)
larva (1st instar) (Stuart, 1957)
LEG
femur(I):L/W (male) [220] (Oehlke, 1966)
femur(I):L/W (male) [300] (Oehlke, 1966)
femur(III):L/W (female) [360] (Townes et al, 1960)
femur(III):L/W (female) [400] (Townes et al, 1960)
tarsal claw(III):form [with notch] (Townes et al, 1960)
METASOMA
metasoma:L/BL (female) [56] (Taschenberg, 1863)
metasoma:length (female) [38] (Taschenberg, 1863)
tergite(1):L/W (male) [100] (Oehlke, 1966)
MORPHOLOGY
sensory organs (Hoffmeyer, 1932)
WING
fore wing:length (female) [30] (Fitton et al, 1988)
fore wing:length (female) [35] (Townes et al, 1960; Kolarov, 1997)
fore wing:length (female) [37] (Oehlke, 1966)
fore wing:length (female) [53] (Ozols, 1964)
fore wing:length (female) [79] (Ozols, 1964; Oehlke, 1966)
fore wing:length (female) [80] (Townes et al, 1960; Fitton et al, 1988; Kolarov, 1997)
fore wing:length (male) [28] (Townes et al, 1960; Oehlke, 1966; Kolarov, 1997)
fore wing:length (male) [45] (Ozols, 1964)
fore wing:length (male) [48] (Townes et al, 1960; Kolarov, 1997)
fore wing:length (male) [50] (Oehlke, 1966)
COUNTRY
Austria (Kirchner, 1867; Strobl, 1902; Ronniger and Ortner, 1948; Heinrich, 1951; Baltensweiler, 1958; Fulmek, 1968; Delucchi, 1982; Kazmierczak, 1990; Bauer, 2002)
Azerbaijan (Aliev and Kasparyan, 1982; Mamedov, 1988)
Belgium (Jacobs and Tosquinet, 1897; Leclercq, 1942; Leclercq, 1946; Cavro, 1954; Thirion, 2005)
Bulgaria (Gregor, 1933; Zapryanov, 1992; Kolarov, 1997)
Canada-Alberta (Townes et al, 1960)
Canada-British Columbia (Townes et al, 1960; Li et al, 1999)
Canada-Manitoba (Townes et al, 1960)
Canada-New Brunswick (Townes et al, 1960)_x000D
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生物学记录
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