分类信息

• 界: Animalia | 动物界
• 门: Arthropoda | 节肢动物门
• 纲: Insecta | 昆虫纲
• 目: Hymenoptera | 膜翅目
• 亚目: Apocrita | 细腰亚目
• 总科: Ichneumonoidea | 姬蜂总科
• 科: Braconidae | 茧蜂科
• 亚科: Alysiinae | 反颚茧蜂亚科
• 族: Alysiini | 反颚茧蜂族
• 属: Pentapleura Förster, 1863
• tree:
• 无效名:
  • Opisendea Förster, 1863 synonym
  • Gnathospila Fischer, 1966 synonym

geography information (Including lower)

• 国家/地区: 阿富汗 ; 奥地利 ; 亚速尔群岛 ; 白俄罗斯 ; 比利时 ; 波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那 ; 保加利亚 ; 加拿大 ; 捷克 ; 捷克斯洛伐克 ; 法罗群岛 ; 法国 ; 德国 ; 匈牙利 ; 冰岛 ; 爱尔兰 ; 意大利 ; 朝鲜 ; 拉脱维亚 ; 立陶宛 ; 马德拉群岛 ; 蒙古 ; 荷兰 ; 挪威 ; 波兰 ; 西班牙 ; 瑞典 ; 瑞士 ; 土耳其 ; 乌克兰 ; 英国 ;
• 省/行政区: 阿尔泰边疆区 ; 加利福尼亚州 ; 科罗拉多州 ; 康涅狄格州 ; 堪察加州 ; New Jersey ; 新墨西哥州 ; 纽约州 ; 北卡罗来纳州 ; Primorsky Krai ; Republic of Buryatia ; 圣彼得堡 ; Sakhalin Oblast ; 弗吉尼亚州 ; 华盛顿州 ;
• 地图:
  Distribution base on taxon

  Distribution base on occurrence/occurrences

description

reference

• Ashmead, W.H, 1900. Classification of the Ichneumon flies, or the superfamily Ichneumonoidea. Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 23(23):1-220
• Belokobylskij, S.A, 1998. 1. Rhyssalinae, 2. Doryctinae, 3. Histeromerinae, 4. Exothecinae, 7. Gnamptodontinae, 9. Alysiinae (Alysiini), 10. Helconinae, 11. Cenocoeliinae, 12. Brachistinae, 14. Meteorideinae, 16. Xiphozelinae, 17. Homolobinae, 18. Charmontinae, 19. Orgilinae, 20. Ecnomiinae, 21. Sigalphinae, 23. Ichneutinae, 25. Cardiochilinae, 27. Dirrhopinae, 28. Miracinae, 29. Adeliinae. In: Ler, P.A. 'Key to the insects of Russian Far East. Vol. 4. Neuropteroidea, Mecoptera, Hymenoptera. Pt 3.' Dal'nauka, Vladivostok. 706 pp
• Campos M., Diego F, 2001. [Checklist of genera of brachonid parasitic wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) of the Neotropical region.] Lista de los generos de avispas parasitoides Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) de la region neotropical. Biota Colombiana. 2(2):193-232
• Capek, M. and Hofmann, C, 1997. The Braconidae (Hymenoptera) in the collections of the Musée cantonal de Zoologie, Lausanne. Litterae Zoologicae Lausanne. 2:25-162
• Carpenter, F.M, 1992. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part R. Arthropoda 4. Volumes 3 & 4. Superclass Hexapoda. The Geological Society of America, Inc. and The University of Kansas. Boulder, Colorado and Lawrence, Kansas
• Dalla Torre, C.G. de, 1898. Catalogus Hymenopterorum. Volumen IV. Braconidae. Guilelmi Engelmann. Lipsiae
• Docavo, A.I, 1960. Los géneros de Bracónidos de España. Monografias de Ciencia Moderna. 63. CSIC. Madrid
• Fischer, M, 1970. Die Alysiini der Steiermark (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). Mitteilungen der Abteilung für Zoologie am Landesmuseum Joanneum. 3:1-44
• Fischer, M, 1971. Untersuchungen über die europäischen Alysiini mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Fauna NiederÖsterreichs (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne. 4:19-160
• Fischer, M, 1973. Alysiini aus dem Land Salzburg, gesammelt von Herrn Dr. Paul Peter Babyi (Hym., Braconidae). Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria. 7:235-270
• Fischer, M, 1976. Eine neue Alysiinen-Gattung und drei neue Aspilota-Arten aus dem pazifischen Raum sowie Bestimmungsschlüssel zu den Gattungen der Alysiini (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Alysiinae). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien. 1:223-236
• Förster, A, 1863. Synopsis der Familien und Gattungen der Braconiden. Verhandlungen des Naturhistorischen Vereins der Preussischen Rheinlande und Westfalens. 19(19):225-288
• Gauld, Ian D. and Shaw, Scott Richard, 2006. [Superfamily Ichneumonoidea.]. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute. 7:443-525
• Hoffmeyer, E.B, 1932. Ueber Sensillen in den Hymenopteren-Flügeln. Entomologiske Meddelelser. 1:58-74
• Huflejt, Tomasz, 1997. Ichneumonoidea
• Kirchner, L, 1867. Catalogus Hymenopterorum Europae. Vindobonae
• Kloet, G.S. and Hincks, W.D, 1945. A check list of British insects. Kloet & Hincks, Stockport
• Marsh, P.M, 1979. Braconidae. Aphidiidae. Hybrizontidae. In: Krombein K.V., Hurd Jr. P.D., Smith D.R. & Burks B.D. Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico. Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington
• Marsh, P.M.; Shaw, S.R. and Wharton, R.A, 1987. An identification manual for the North American genera of the family Braconidae (Hymenoptera). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington. 13:98
• Marshall, T.A, 1894. A monograph of the British Braconidae Part V. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London. 1:497-534
• Marshall, T.A, 1896. Les Braconides
• Schmiedeknecht, O, 1907. Hymenopteren Mitteleuropas. Stephanidae and Braconidae. Gustav Fischer. Jena. 804 pp
• Schmiedeknecht, O, 1930. Die Hymenoptera Nord- und Mitteleuropas. Verlag von Gustav Fischer, Jena
• Shaw, M.R. and Huddleston, T, 1991. Classification and biology of Braconid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects. 7(7):1-126
• Shenefelt, R.D, 1974. Braconidae 7. Alysiinae. Hymenopterorum Catalogus nova editio . Pars 11
• Shi, Zhen Ya and Shen, Xiao Cheng, 1995. [Identification of parasitic wasps.] (in Chinese) 寄生蜂鑒定. Chinese Agricultural Technology Press. Henan, China
• Szépligeti, G, 1904. Hymenoptera. Fam. Braconidae. Genera Insectorum. 2:1-253
• Tobias, V.I, 1971. [Review of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera) of the U.S.S.R.] (in Russian). Trudy Vsesoyuznogo Entomologicheskogo Obshchestva. 5:156-268
• Tobias, V.I. and Jakimavicius, A, 1986. Alysiinae & Opiinae. pp. 7-231. In: Medvedev G.S. ed. 'Opredelitel Nasekomych Evrospeiskoi Tsasti SSSR 3, Peredpontdatokrylye 4. Opr. Faune SSSR.' Vol. 147, Section 3, Part 5. 308 pp
• Viereck, H.L, 1914. Type species of the genera of Ichneumon flies. United States National Museum Bulletin. 83:186
• Viereck, H.L, 1917. Guide to the insects of Connecticut. Part III. The Hymenoptera, or wasp-like insects of Connecticut. Ichneumonoidea. State of Connecticut. State Geological and Natural History Survey. Bulletin No. 22 1916 . Hartford
• Wharton, R.A, 1980. Review of the Nearctic Alysiini (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) with discussion of generic relationships within the tribe. University of California Press. Berkeley, U.S. 8:112
• Wharton, R.A, 1997. Introduction. Alysiinae. Gnamptodontinae. Homolobinae. Macrocentrinae. Opiinae. In: Wharton, R.A.; Marsh, P.M.; Sharkey, M.J. Manual of the New World genera of the family Braconidae Hymenoptera . International Society of Hymenopterists. Special Publication No. 1. 439 pp
• Whitfield, J.B, 1992. The polyphyletic origin of endoparasitism in the cyclostome lineages of Braconidae (Hymenoptera). Systematic Entomology. 1:273-286

资源

生物学记录

• 列表
• 画廊