The results of a study on parasitoids of codling moth in Asturian apple orchards are reported. A total of 257 parasitoids of four species emerged from codling moth larvae: Ascogaster quadridentata Wesmael (51.4 %), Pristomerus vulnerator Panzer (35.0 %), Liotryphon caudatus Ratzeburg (9.7 %) and Trichomma enecator Rossius (3.9 %). Mean percent parasitism (15.1 %) varied among orchards (3.2 - 38.5 %) and years (28.7 and 9.0 %). Specific percent parasitism also varied among orchards and years. Liotryphon caudatus, T. enecator and P. vulnerator emerged before than the codling moth adults whilst A. quadridentata emerged slightly later. Moreover, males of L. caudatus emerged before than females. Sex ratio of P. vulnerator and T. enecator was not significantly different from 1:1 whilst L. caudatus presented a female-biased sex ratio. Ascogaster quadridentata and P. vulnerator caused castration in the parasitized larvae as well as a reduction in the larvae size. Ascogaster quadridentata, P. vulnerator and T. enecator developed two generations whilst L. caudatus could develop at least three. The narrow synchrony with the codling moth phenology suggests that this species may be the main host of all the four parasitoids. Cydia pomonella (Tortricidae) : Host Ascogaster quadridentata (Braconidae) : Parasite Liotryphon caudatus (Ichneumonidae) : Parasite Pristomerus vulnerator (Ichneumonidae) : Parasite Trichomma enecator (Ichneumonidae) : Parasite Life cycle and development; Development; Metamorphosis; Parasites diseases and disorders; Parasites; Insect parasites; Hosts; Insect hosts; Habitat; Man made habitat; Land zones; Palaearctic region; Eurasia; Europe Ascogaster quadridentata; Liotryphon caudatus; Pristomerus vulnerator; Trichomma enecator; Emergence; Lepidopteran hosts; Parasitoid emergence study; phenological aspects; Cydia pomonella; Cultivated land habitat; Apple orchards; Spain; Villaviciosa Cydia pomonella; Hymenopteran parasites; Parasitoid emergence study; phenological aspects; Braconidae & Ichneumonidae; Cultivated land habitat; Apple orchards; Spain; Villaviciosa none