none A phenological emergence study was carried out in Ulster and Orange counties, New York, using the overwintering generation of the spotted tentiform leafminer, P. crataegella Clemens and its parasitoids, Sympiesis marylandensis Girault, Sympiesis conica (Provancher) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and Apanteles ornigis Weed (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). S. marylandensis was found to emerge concurrently with P. crataegella , followed in order by S. conica and A. ornigis , S. conica also hyperparasitized A. ornigis and thus served a dual role in this system.